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--- tags: Node.js 直播班 - 2022 春季班 --- # 🏅 Day 6 ## Mongoose、schema ### Mongoose Mongoose 是 MongoDB 的 ODM(Object Data Modeling) 套件,Mongoose 套件會藉由 MongoDB driver 操作資料庫的資料 使用 ODM 通常可以降低開發和維護成本,因 ODM 會使用 JavaScript 的物件反映出資料庫中的資料,相對於使用資料庫原生的查詢語言 (SQL),用 ODM 的方式操作資料庫會更好上手 - 在專案中安裝 Mongoose ```javascript npm install mongoose --save ``` - 引入 mongoose 套件並連線 MongoDB 資料庫 ```javascript= const mongoose = require('mongoose'); mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/test'); // test 為資料庫的名稱,可以改為自己的資料庫名稱 ``` ### Schema 安裝 Mongoose 並連線至資料庫後,接著可以開始建立 Schema(資料庫綱要),定義需要哪些資料、型別、是否顯示、預設值...等等 例如:[文件](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html)中列出 Blog 的 Schema ```javascript= const blogSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ title: String, // String is shorthand for {type: String} author: String, body: String, comments: [{ body: String, date: Date }], date: { type: Date, default: Date.now }, hidden: Boolean, meta: { votes: Number, favs: Number } }); ``` 當接收到資料,就可以依此 Schema 把關資料是否帶入正確 Schema 中會有需要帶入的資料屬性,title、author 等等,並會針對此資料加入相關設定,例如:型別、必填、預設...等等 #### type ```javascript title: {type: String} // 代表 title 需為一個字串 ``` 若只有設定型別可以使用簡寫 `title: String` 若 title 是一個**物件**,可以針對裡面的屬性設定型別 ```javascript title: { chinese: {type: String}, english: {type: String} } ``` 若 title 為一個**陣列**,也可指定陣列中資料型別 ```javascript title: [{type: String}] // 若只有設定型別可以使用簡寫 [String] ``` #### required 若此資料需為必填項目,可以設定 required,並且可客製化錯誤訊息,格式如下: ```javascript title: { type: String, required: [true, 'title 為必填'] } ``` #### default 若有資料未填寫,也可以設定此資料的預設值 ```javascript title: { type: String, default: '未命名的文章' } ``` 通常 required 與 default 不會同時使用 #### select 若有資料欄位希望可以被保護,不顯示出來,可以加入 select 設定 例如:若有涉及使用者相關個資 password、email ...等等,都會建議加入 `select: false` 不將資料回傳給前端 ```javascript password: { type: String, select: false } ``` #### enum 若此資料設定型別為 `String` 或 `Number`,可以設定 `enum` 指定需為哪些值 以字串為例,若 author 需為 Amy、Bob 或 Cody 其中之一,可以設定為以下: ```javascript author: { type: String, enum: ['Amy','Bob','Cody'] } ``` ### 參考資源 [Mongoose v6.2.10: Schemas](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/guide.html) [Mongoose v6.2.10: SchemaTypes](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/schematypes.html) [Mongoose NPM 教學(可看到 Mongoose 新增 Model 流程)](https://courses.hexschool.com/courses/1670869/lectures/39252168)(章節影片) ### 題目(將答案寫在 CodePen 並提交至回報區) 請參考以下需求,設計手搖飲的 Schema ``` - 產品名稱(product): 需為字串,必填,若未填寫,錯誤訊息為「產品名稱未填寫」 - 價錢(price): 需為數字, 必填,若未填寫,錯誤訊息為「價錢未填寫」 - 冰塊(ice): 需為字串, 若未填寫預設為 '正常冰' - 甜度(sugar):需為字串,若未填寫預設為 '全糖' - 配料(toppings):為陣列,內容需為字串 ``` ```javascript= const drinkSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ /* 請在此填入答案 */ }); ``` 回報流程 --- 請同學依照下圖教學觀看解答、回報答案: ![](https://i.imgur.com/QtL8zEW.png) 回報格式:請在「回報區」貼上連結回報答案 (為了統計人數,請同學依序加上「報數」) <!-- 解答 ```javascript const drinkSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ product: { type: String, required: [true, '產品名稱未填寫'] }, price: { type: Number, required: [true, '價錢未填寫'] }, ice: { type: String, default: "正常冰" }, sugar: { type: String, default: "全糖" }, toppings: [{type: String}] }); ``` --> 回報區 --- | 報數 | 組別 / 名字 | codepen / hackMD / 其他回饋 | | ---- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | 第 6 組 / Wendy | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/wendy03/pen/MWrPPpR) | | 2 | 第 2 組 / Vic | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/hsuan333/pen/QWaZZvZ) | | 3 | 第 4 組 / 小宥 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/yosontw21/pen/VwyEbyW) | | 4 | 第 3 組 / HedgehogKU | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/hedgehogkucc/pen/MWrPPZW) | | 5 | 第 2 組 / Jin | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/Jin-L/pen/bGammyz) | | 6 | 第 2 組 / Genos | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/pb220416/pen/RwxeemM) | | 7 | 第 3 組 / Hobby | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/hobbyling/pen/ZEvqqZG) | | 8 | 第 1 組 / Phoebe | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/phoebe26/pen/xxpyQQj) | | 9 | 第 8 組 / Hank | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/hank-hsiao/pen/jOYeQJM) | | 10 | 第 9 組 / 黃士桓 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/shr-huan-huang/pen/yLpRGJz) | | 11 | 第 6 組 / Ruta | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/rue503/pen/bGamOgB) | | 12 | Naiky | [Codepen @Naiky](https://codepen.io/naiky/pen/dyJgwey) | | 13 | 第 14 組|East | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/EastM/pen/LYegMrw?editors=0010) | | 14 | 第 4 組 / sihle | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/bugbug777/pen/KKZGJVG) | | 15 | 第 2 組 / joe.chang | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/t7552175/pen/KKZGJdx) | | 16 | 0 / Aya | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/NoNameNote/pen/Exodrvj) | | 17 | 第 4 組 / 苡安 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/yi-an-yang/pen/MWrPRYE) | | 18 | 第 5 組 / HazelWu | [Codepen HazelWu](https://codepen.io/wualnz/pen/ZEvqZZm) | | 19 | 第 9 組 / konstante | [Hackmd](https://hackmd.io/66Yel55aSSKSaaNG3d-7-Q) | | 20 | 第 1 組 / Claire | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/claire-chang-the-bashful/pen/OJzaJOY?editors=1010) | | 21 | 第13組/KFC | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/kuan-fu-chen/pen/RwxqNNz?editors=1010) | | 22 | 第11組 / Han Lai | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/x94han/pen/JjMeoMz) | | 23 | 第2組 / wendy.li | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/rockayumitw/pen/bGaQvbQ?editors=0011) | | 24 | 第11組 / mandy | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/manyu1225/pen/bGYqwyM?editors=1011) | | 25 | 第3組 / larry | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/larrylinr5/pen/NWXeNoB?editors=1010) | | 26 | 第4組 / mischa | [codepen_day6_mischa](https://codepen.io/Dorothy_0528/pen/zYpyqVx?editors=0010) | | 27 | 第7組 / 程翔 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/xxxiang/pen/JjMwKoR?editors=1010) | | 28 | 第5組 / sihyun | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/siyuch/pen/NWXerRo) | | 29 | 第3組 / hiYifang | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/hiYifang/pen/qBpLqWG) | | 30 | 第3組 / Justin | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/justin3737/pen/GRyPNxm?editors=0010) | | 31 | 第16組 / 皓皓 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/cutecat8110/pen/GRyPWNb) | | 32 | 第14組 / 涼二 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/Araytsai/pen/GRyPvja) | | 33 | 第14組 / yolala | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/chiakilalala/pen/bGaOoGq) | | 34 | 第2組 / Rikkubook | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/rikkubook/pen/rNpoYaN?editors=0010) | | 35 | 第14組 /uniza | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/unizalin/pen/jOYXYqq) | | 36 | 第 9 組 / Reynold | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/chasel1020/pen/KKZbZEv) | | 37 | 第 1 組 / Ed Huang | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/yide1986/pen/gOoZveW?editors=0011) | | 38 | 第 6 組 / 馨云 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/bigheadyun/pen/OJzrQrO) | | 39 | 第 3 組 / Adam Hsu | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/Adam-Hsu/pen/RwxEvmV) | | 40 | 第 5 組 / Nap | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/o0o0o1o0/pen/dyJwrgJ) | 41 | 第 8 組 / JackLee | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/yxzzktmb/pen/popqEKr?editors=0010) | 42 | 第 12 組 / Jimmy | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/JimmyChangWenChi/pen/QWazRvO?editors=0010) | 43 | 第 2 組 / peter | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/JIAN-RONG/pen/VwyqOQv?editors=0012) | 44 | 第 8 組 / Jordan Tseng | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/jordan-ttc-design/pen/QWazXRL?editors=1010) | 45 | 第 15 組 / Tofu | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/Tofutseng/pen/KKZJpjG) | 46 | 第 1 組 / Jerry Huang | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/sun31483/pen/yLpZJzd?editors=0010) | 47 | 第 8 組 / Albert | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/@Albertnotes/r1zV8ga4c) | 48 | 第 3 組 / 小葉 | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/@FyKv37KcRSWqAO_e336w8g/HJNHB5UV9) | | 49 | 第 15 組 / CHIU | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/awdx8326/pen/popYJWd?editors=1112) | | 49 | 第 1 組 / snow | [Codepen](https://hackmd.io/@snowsuika/BJ7_e60Vq) | | 50 | nick6303 | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/nick6303/pen/ZEvZpqO) | | 50 | 第 7 組 / jason06286 | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/DKqtftCkShGg9a-jRPao_w) | | 51 | 第 10 組 / 橘子 | [HackMD](https://codepen.io/joanne-wei/pen/bGaypJe?editors=0010) | | 52 | 第 5 組 / AmberCYT | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/@amber871023/HkzRYKzB5/%2Fxiet4CBlRiOwqyU0vAWfyw) | | 53 | 第 10 組 / Otis | [HackMD](https://codepen.io/humming74/pen/zYpVpax?editors=0010) | | 54 | 第 1 組 / Emily Hsi | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/@EmilyHsi/rJ-bVhvrc) | | 55 | 第15組 / Castiel | [Codepen](https://codepen.io/everydaycodedog/pen/xxpvyyd?editors=1010) | | 56 | 第7組 / TracyChien | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/@TracyChien/ryVMuQYBq) | | 56 | 第10組 / Butters | [HackMD](https://hackmd.io/Lh6Ko7lcRPaGBomdYptg1w) | | 57 | 第 12 組 / Sylvia-H | [HackMD](https://codepen.io/Cosmosheart/pen/LYQGxEw?editors=0010) | | 58 | 第 14 組 / 皮皮 | [HackMD](https://codepen.io/super-shrimp/pen/zYReeNx?editors=0010) |

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