Kevinn Liu
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    # 5G 網路介面與協定堆疊 ###### tags: `5G` ## N2介面(控制介面與協定堆疊) $5G Access\,Network \stackrel{N2}{\longleftrightarrow} 5GC(AMF)$ - **管理流程:** 不與特定UE相關,像是設定或重置N2介面 - **與單一UE相關的流程:** NAS傳輸流程、UE上下文管理、PDU session資源相關流程、切換管理..etc - 採用 ==**NG-AP協定**== (不論是哪種Access Network: 3GPP RAN 或 N3IWF non-3GPP ),屬於一種應用層協定 - AMF對於一個UE有唯一的N2 終結點 - 由於SMF與AMF是解耦的,所以NG-AP支援AMF在5G RAN與5GC之間傳遞**N2 SM訊息** ![](https://i.imgur.com/TP3cmJb.png) - SCTP保證Acces Network與5GC之間的傳輸 ## UE與5GC之間的控制面介面與協定堆疊 針對每種UE使用的連接方式(3GPP、non-3GPP),UE皆會有一個 **N1 NAS連接**,且會有唯一的N1終結點為位於AMF。 > **非接入層(NAS, Non-access stratum)** > 原先存在於 3G/UMTS中的協定層,是用戶設備與核網之間的功能層 > 具備以下功能: > > 移動性管理 > >呼叫控制 > >會話管理 > >身分管理 > [NAS 參考資料](https://hackmd.io/M4SyLAOpRam7lZVLuujOHw) N1 NAS可用於: - **UE註冊管理** - **連接管理** - **會話管理** N1介面之中的NAS協議分成: NAS-MM、NAS-SM ### NAS-MM 用於UE與AMF以外的NF進行互動 - 會話管理消息 - UE 策略 - 位置服務 *NAS傳輸會話管理訊息、短訊、UE策略、位置服務等協議流程* ![](https://i.imgur.com/iPUTyxa.gif) #### 特點 處理UE與AMF之間的NAS流程,包含: - 處理UE的註冊管理(RM)和連接管理(CM): 在UE與AMF之間提供安全的訊息連結 、存取控制 - 適用於其他類型的NAS訊息(NAS-SM、SMS等),可與RM/CM NAS 訊息同時傳輸 - 針對不同存取方式(3GPP, non-3GPP)也都採用相同的NAS協定 - UE針對不同種存取方式都會有一個N1 NAS連接 ![](https://i.imgur.com/sdjzoKJ.gif) ### NAS-SM 支援處理UE與SMF之間的**會話管理** - PDU會話用戶面的建立、修改、釋放 - SM訊息的建立、處理都是在NAS-SM之中完成的(內容不會被AMF解析) - NAS-MM層會負責UE-AMF之間SM訊息的收發,並提供安全保護(**保護訊息的完整性**) ![](https://i.imgur.com/qLGM1Hk.gif) ## 5GC NF之間的控制面介面與協定堆疊 5G 核網中的NF,**NF Service Producer** 會透過服務化界面為 **NF Service Consumer** 提供服務 5G核網中將以下控制介面定義為服務化界面: ```[] - Nsmf - Nudm - Nnrf - Nnssf - Nausf - Nnef - Nsmsf - Nudr - Npcf - N5g-eir - Nlmf ``` 這些服務化介面以**HTTP 2.0**與**JSON**作為應用層協定;3GPP所有網路功能都必須支持**TLS** 若PLMN沒有提供其他網路安全方案,則TLS就必須被使用 `(PLMN是啥? 😫)` 而未來可能會以 **[QUIC/UDP](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC)** 作為優化的方案 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QWxhGJN.png) ## N4介面與協定堆疊 ==$SMF\stackrel{N4}{\longleftrightarrow}UPF$== N4介於SMF與UPF之間,具備控制面與用戶面功能 N4定義了以下流程: *控制面流程* ```[] - N4會話管理: 用於SMF建立、更新、刪除UPF上的N4會話上下文(Session Context) - N4報告流程: 用於UPF向SMF事件(EX.流量使用情況) - N4節點級別流程: SMF、UPF之間N4節點的建立、更新、連結、釋放;UPF會向SMF報告N4節點級別的事件 - SMF暫停計費流程: ``` *用戶面流程* 在SMF、UPF之間轉發流量: 當用戶處於**CM-IDLE**狀態時,UPF可轉發downlink 資料給SMF,SMF再決定呼叫策略 |PFCP|$\longleftrightarrow$ |PFCP| |----|---|---| |UDF|$\longleftrightarrow$ |UPF| |IP| $\longleftrightarrow$ |IP| |L2|$\longleftrightarrow$ |L2| |L1|$\longleftrightarrow$ |L1| Control Plane $\longleftrightarrow$ User Plane ## 用戶面介面與其協定堆疊 ==$Access\,Network\stackrel{N3}{\longleftrightarrow}UPF$== ==$UPF \stackrel{N9}{\longleftrightarrow}UPF$== N3與N9介面分別在5G RAN 與 UPF之間 以及UPF與UPF之間傳遞數據 ![](https://i.imgur.com/p8GoGVl.gif) - **[PDU(Protcol Data Unit) 層](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83)**: 負責在UE與Data Network之間的PDU Session傳遞PDU --- 下一章節- **[5G 核網基本概念](https://hackmd.io/@Kevinneck/H1TWgKyKd)**

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