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# Let's Publish a Collaborative e-Book for Linux Kernel - jserv (黃敬群), 黃睿澤 (Jui-Tse Huang) ###### tags: `COSCUP2021` `Beginner` `zh-tw` `COSCUP2021` `System Software` `TR309` {%hackmd kra72OaxRTiBzdV8Y4GMKA %} > [Slido](https://app.sli.do/event/ezpg3guc) ==[演講所用的簡報](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ZRx8Nn0sm3i7-Ha_uSopNqFERp6ESLeee1nqjvmKk98/edit?usp=sharing)== ## 藉由 Linux 重新認識這世界 Dominic Walliman製作的〈[Map of Computer Science](https://youtu.be/SzJ46YA_RaA)〉短片(具備繁體中文字幕),簡潔且深刻地探討電腦科學的多個面向,諸如電腦網路、圖形處理、抽象機器及理論(如 Turing machine)、NP-Complete 問題、計算機架構、排序演算法、資料壓縮、現代密碼學、形式化方法、作業系統排程、異質多核心運算、編譯器,和程式語言等等。 上述議題幾乎涵蓋在今日的Linux核心中,換言之,Linux核心已不只是個「核心」,應看待為資訊科技的「基礎建設」,因此,電腦科學的子學科幾乎都可反映在 Linux 核心中。 ## Linux 核心專書數量不多且陳舊 * 《[Understanding the Linux Kernel](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/)》第 3 版 (2005 年) - 作者: Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati * 《[Linux Kernel Development](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-kernel-development/9780768696974/)》第 3 版 (2010 年) - 作者: Robert Love ## Linux 核心的排程器考量因素眾多 * 多核處理器的負載平衡/任務遷徙 * 以功耗為基礎的排程策略 * 動態電壓和頻率調整 * CPU 頻寬控制 ![](https://i.imgur.com/6nGuq2f.png) ## [CFS 排程器](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.html) * 自 Linux v2.6.23 引入的 [CFS 排程器](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.html)旨在將 CPU 資源按照一定比例分配給所有的行程,為了達到這個目的,CFS 引入了 virtual runtime 這個特性,在排程時,核心會選擇當前 virtual runtime 最低的行程。 * Nice 值在 CFS 中扮演著優先權的角色,透過它將實際的 runtime 進行一定比例的縮放後,便得到該行程的 virtual runtime。 * 值得注意的是,不同的 nice 值只決定了不同的縮放比例,一個行程所能擁有 CPU 資源的時間則會取決於其餘共同分享 CPU 資源的行程。例如,當今天有兩個不同 nice 值的行程,則由於 nice 值較小者 (優先權較高) 的 virtual runtime 增加幅度較小,因此在前點排程的原則下,其將更有機會被排程器選中。而若兩個行程的 nice 值皆為 `-20` (最高的優先級),此時兩者 virtual runtime 增加的幅度相同,因此從宏觀看來,此二個行程會平分 CPU 的計算資源!而這正是 CFS 全名 Completely Fair Scheduler 裡頭 "Fair" 一詞的意義。 ## 更新和改造《The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide》 ![](https://i.imgur.com/GEFnMov.png) LaTeX 草稿和範例程式碼: [GitHub](https://github.com/sysprog21/lkmpg) ## 真正的問題在於經營和維護 * 電子書應該要自由流通並接受公眾檢閱 * 「與時俱進」反映可觀的維護成本 * Linux 核心不只變革快,還持續面對新的技術挑戰 * 需要創造正向循環和誘因設計 ## 和[開放文化基金會](https://ocf.tw/) (OCF) 合作 * 書籍訂閱的資訊將由開放文化基金會定案後公佈 - 預計在 2021 年底 * 訂閱/捐款者的權益 - 取得最新的書稿,優先和作者群討論 - 獲得導讀和解說短期課程的優惠 - 提出想理解的 Linux 核心主題,由作者群進行撰述和補充 - 問答和技術諮詢 - 部分內容的客製化(用於產品的手冊或參考指引) ## 邀請您進行協作 * 試閱和回報錯誤,特別是英語書寫的改進 * 編輯並改進 LaTeX 草稿 * 貢獻新的子主題 * 設計練習題和作業 * 提供開發環境(不同的硬體或虛擬機器)的測試報告和建議 * 重新製圖和美化 * 排版和輸出為多種格式 (如 HTML 和 EPUB) * 建議可洽談重新授權的 Linux 書籍或技術報告 * 引介企業贊助 ## 敬請聯絡 * 發送電子郵件到 <`jserv@ccns.ncku.edu.tw`>,告知可幫忙試閱、校對、貢獻內文、提供練習題目、進行實驗、向量製圖、視覺改進,或推薦參考素材 * 也可發送訊息到Facebook粉絲專頁「[jserv與他愉快的小夥伴](https://www.facebook.com/JservFans/)」 ## 問與答 Q: 研究 scheduler 需要的數學,有沒有個讀書單? A: 書單在我們書本裡面就有,跟我聯繫可以取得草稿,或是等到明年發出。書單很長。 Q: 如何與時俱進? A: 要改變出版方式,傳統出版有第一版第二版第三版,但我們書沒有這個困擾,我沒有打算靠這個獲利。探討之後發布,可以吸引開發者投入。他可以幫忙寫那一段,甚至跟OCF也在談透過其他機會去取得現有材料的重新授權,背後有很多法律的溝通。可以看到這本書跟過去真的很不一樣,過去賣完一刷兩刷三刷再出新的版本,這是出版業的常態,但我們沒有這個包袱。看能不能克服過去書籍的老舊問題。 Q: 書的 LaTeX 在 GitHub 嗎? A: 是的,穩定版本和開發中版本都在 GitHub,前者會公開。

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