PHP + MYSQL + NGINX + LINUX

PHP + MYSQL + NGINX + LINUX === ###### tags: `PHP` `Linux` `centOS` `Nginx` `MySQL` === # 系統資訊查一下版本資訊，使用 ``` cat /etc/os-release``` ```bash= [root@localhost tmp]# cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7" ``` # 安裝NGINX ```bash= [root@localhost tmp]# sudo yum install nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk * extras: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk * updates: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk No package nginx available. Error: Nothing to do ``` [Sol.](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27244511/no-package-nginx-available-error-centos-6-5) 要先安裝 EPEL repo 才抓的到 ```bash= yum install epel-release ``` 成功了!檢查看看NGINX狀態 ```bash= service nginx start service nginx status ``` 設定為開機時自動啟動 ```bash= [root@localhost tmp]# sudo systemctl enable nginx ```` *--------------下面這段不重要-------------* 在沒有圖形介面下可以用 traceroute 或 links 或 wget 之類的來檢查loacal host 之後會補上利用DNS 讓外部可以直接連到VM中的localhost 的設定方法 ```bash= yum install traceroute ``` # 安裝PHP ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# yum -y install php ``` 成功! ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# php -v PHP 5.4.16 (cli) (built: Nov 6 2016 00:29:02) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies [root@localhost nginx]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.10.2 ``` # 安裝 MYSQL ```bash= yum update ``` ```bash= sudo rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el6-n.noarch.rpm ``` 找不到? ```bash= yum install wget ``` ```bash= wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm ``` 找到了!抓下來... 安裝 ```bash= yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm ``` 確定已經裝好了 ```bash= yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*" ``` 安裝發行版... ```bash= yum install mysql-community-server ``` 啟動 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# service mysqld start ``` 確認狀態 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# service mysqld status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 三 2017-05-03 13:55:19 CST; 1min 32s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 55481 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 55407 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 55484 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─55484 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 5月 03 13:55:13 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... 5月 03 13:55:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. ``` PHP + MYSQL + NGINX 版本資訊 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# php -v; mysql -V; nginx -v PHP 5.4.16 (cli) (built: Nov 6 2016 00:29:02) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper nginx version: nginx/1.10.2 ``` [MYSQL版本更新](http://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/questions/10086439) https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php-lemp-stack-on-ubuntu-12-04 # php-fpm ***好像不用安裝了後面版本有內建不過設定還是要做*** ```bash= yum install php-fpm php-mysql ``` 查看 php-fpm 的啟動設定 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep php-fpm php-fpm.service disabled ``` 改成開機啟動 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl enable php-fpm Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service. ``` 啟動然後檢查 ```bash= [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl start php-fpm [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl status php-fpm ● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 三 2017-05-03 14:18:30 CST; 9s ago Main PID: 55678 (php-fpm) Status: "Ready to handle connections" CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service ├─55678 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf) ├─55679 php-fpm: pool www ├─55680 php-fpm: pool www ├─55681 php-fpm: pool www ├─55682 php-fpm: pool www └─55683 php-fpm: pool www 5月 03 14:18:30 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Man.... 5月 03 14:18:30 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. ``` 編輯 ```bash= vim /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini ``` 找到這一行改成 0 ```bash= cgi.fix_pathinfo=0 ``` [how-to-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php-lemp-stack](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-nginx-mysql-php-lemp-stack-on-ubuntu-12-04) ```bash= vim /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php ``` ```php= <?php phpinfo(); ?> ``` ```bash= sudo service nginx restart ``` ```bash= wget http://127.0.0.1/info.php ``` ```bash= [root@localhost html]# wget http://127.0.0.1/info.php --2017-05-03 18:08:16-- http://127.0.0.1/info.php 正在連接 127.0.0.1:80... 連上了。已送出 HTTP 要求，正在等候回應... 200 OK 長度: 21 [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘info.php.1’ 100%[==================================================>] 21 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-05-03 18:08:16 (1.26 MB/s) - ‘info.php.1’ saved [21/21] ``` # NGINX 設定 ### 純文字瀏覽器在終端機下面要看到網頁結果怎麼辦上網查一下還真的有終端機下的瀏覽器 Installation of Lynx and Links https://www.tecmint.com/command-line-web-browsers/ ```bash= links http:127.0.0.1 或是 lynx http:/127.0.0.1 ``` 不過這不是長久辦法前輩看到我用termianl開網頁都快QQ惹教我一招方便的方法可以直接讓外部連進VM上的server 首先先搞清楚PHP NGINX 的關係 NGINX 原本只能代理HTML，為了讓他能夠解析.php結尾的檔名，必須使用php-fpm來讓nginx認識 php-fpm 系蝦咪挖溝全名是 FastCGI Process Manager FastCGI https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI ``` 快速通用閘道器介面（Fast Common Gateway Interface／FastCGI）是一種讓互動程式與Web伺服器通訊的協定。FastCGI是早期通用閘道器介面（CGI）的增強版本。 FastCGI致力於減少網頁伺服器與CGI程式之間互動的開銷，從而使伺服器可以同時處理更多的網頁請求。歷史 CGI使外部程式與Web伺服器之間互動成為可能。CGI程式運行在獨立的進程中，並對每個Web請求建立一個進程，這種方法非常容易實現，但效率很差，難以擴展。面對大量請求，進程的大量建立和消亡使操作系統效能大大下降。此外，由於位址空間無法共享，也限制了資源重用。實現與為每個請求建立一個新的行程不同，FastCGI使用持續的行程來處理一連串的請求。這些行程由FastCGI伺服器管理，而不是web伺服器。當進來一個請求時，web伺服器把環境變數和這個頁面請求通過一個socket比如FastCGI行程與web伺服器(都位於本地）或者一個TCP connection（FastCGI行程在遠端的server farm）傳遞給FastCGI行程。 ``` 這篇有說明他們的關係 https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000004854045 ``` Nginx和PHP-FPM的进程间通信有两种方式,一种是TCP,一种是UNIX Domain Socket. 其中TCP是IP加端口,可以跨服务器.而UNIX Domain Socket不经过网络,只能用于Nginx跟PHP-FPM都在同一服务器的场景.用哪种取决于你的PHP-FPM配置: 方式1: php-fpm.conf: listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 nginx.conf: fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 方式2: php-fpm.conf: listen = /tmp/php-fpm.sock nginx.conf: fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; 其中php-fpm.sock是一个文件,由php-fpm生成,类型是srw-rw----. UNIX Domain Socket可用于两个没有亲缘关系的进程,是目前广泛使用的IPC机制,比如X Window服务器和GUI程序之间就是通过UNIX Domain Socket通讯的.这种通信方式是发生在系统内核里而不会在网络里传播.UNIX Domain Socket和长连接都能避免频繁创建TCP短连接而导致TIME_WAIT连接过多的问题.对于进程间通讯的两个程序,UNIX Domain Socket的流程不会走到TCP那层,直接以文件形式,以stream socket通讯.如果是TCP Socket,则需要走到IP层,对于非同一台服务器上,TCP Socket走的就更多了. UNIX Domain Socket: Nginx <=> socket <=> PHP-FPM TCP Socket(本地回环): Nginx <=> socket <=> TCP/IP <=> socket <=> PHP-FPM TCP Socket(Nginx和PHP-FPM位于不同服务器): Nginx <=> socket <=> TCP/IP <=> 物理层 <=> 路由器 <=> 物理层 <=> TCP/IP <=> socket <=> PHP-FPM 像mysql命令行客户端连接mysqld服务也类似有这两种方式: 使用Unix Socket连接(默认): mysql -uroot -p --protocol=socket --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock 使用TCP连接: mysql -uroot -p --protocol=tcp --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3306 ``` 了解關係之後可以來編輯設定檔檔案位置在 ***/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf*** ``` server { #原本的 #server_name example.toright.com; #改成想要的名子 server_name test123; #去哪邊找文件 root /usr/share/nginx/html; # "/" 這個路徑預設讀那些檔案 index index.html index.php index.htmi index.php; #設定放LOG檔的地方 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; # set expiration of assets to MAX for caching location ~* \.(ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff)(\?.+)?$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } server_tokens off; # framework rewrite location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~* \.php$ { # 改成透過 127.0.0.1:9000 連線 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$; include fastcgi_params; #$document_root 就是上面設定的server root fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } ``` --- 再來到 windows 做連到VM的設定先打開 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\ 編輯host檔，加上對應的DNS設定，填上VM上主機的IP 跟我們設定的NGINX SERVER NAME ``` # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost 192.168.109.128 test123 ``` 再來就可以在window上打開瀏覽器連到 http://test123 就可以看見nginx的index了。 *甚麼是DNS* *http://dns-learning.twnic.net.tw/dns/03opDNS.html DNS分為Client和Server，Client扮演發問的角色，也就是問Server 一個Domain Name，而Server必須要回答此Domain Name的真正IP地址。而當地的DNS先會查自己的資料庫。如果自己的資料庫沒有，則會往該DNS上所設的的DNS尋問，依此得到答案之後，將收到的答案存起來，並回達客戶。真正DNS的運作：有兩種詢問方法，Recursive和Iterative兩種。前面是由DNS代理去問，問的方法是用Iterative方式，後者是由本機直接做Iterative式的詢問。* --- 原本conf.d/default.conf 的設定下去跑會遇到 [ERROR] php-fpm doesn't create .sock file var/run/php-fpm/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/35367676/php-fpm-doesnt-create-sock-file 更改 etc/nginx/conf.d 將原本的 var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; 改成 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; *Edit: The real solution here is that the listen in www.conf and fastcgi_pass in nginx configuration have to match. Whether you use sockets or tcp is up to you.* *The answer was to not use a .sock file at all. in /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf it has listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 so in my nginx config I put fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; instead of using something like fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;* --- 一些指令，用久就背起來了 ``` Stop PHP FPM command: service php-fpm stop Start PHP FPM command: service nginx start Restart PHP FPM command: service php-fpm restart Reload PHP FPM command: service php-fpm reload ``` --- Nginx 相關檔案位置：所有設定檔：/etc/nginx/ 主要設定檔：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 預設設定檔：/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 程序設定檔：/usr/sbin/nginx log 檔：/var/log/nginx/ html: /usr/share/nginx/html --- --- Windows 如何清除暫存的 DNS Cache 發表於 2010 年 12 月 16 日由 Tsung 只要是查詢過的 DNS, 都會暫存一段時間, 於 Windows 要清掉 DNS Cache, 要如何清除? 於 Windows 要清掉 DNS Cache 方法1 執行 cmd ipconfig /flushdns 看到此行字即完成: successfully flushed the dns resolver cache 方法2 控制台 -> 管理工具 -> 服務重新啟動 DNS Client 和 DHCP Client 服務即可. https://blog.longwin.com.tw/2010/12/windows-clear-dns-cache-2010/ ---

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