C.A.Lee
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    --- robots: index, follow tags: NCTU, CS, 共筆 description: 交大資工課程學習筆記 lang: zh-tw dir: ltr breaks: true disqus: calee GA: UA-100433652-1 --- `NCTU` `CS` `course` # 大一心理學概論----梁瓊惠 回目錄 :::info :mega: Feel free to edit / correct this page :tada: ::: # **ch1** ### 結構論: - 用**內省法**來研究,從個體本身的觀點來看 - 人的意識經驗包含感覺、意象、感情這三大元素 ### 功能論: - 重視外顯功能,**適應環境**的過程,受達爾文演化論影響 - 除了內省法,也使用觀察法和實驗法來研究 ### 完形心理學: - 重視整體,各部分的總和不等於整體 - 重視心智歷程和結構,使用比內省法更科學的方法,研究視覺刺激產生視覺認知的過程 ### 七種心理學取向**:**(入門課常用分法,不一定是絕對的) - 心理動力取向:行為完於本能及生物驅力,注重潛意識 - 行為主義:專注外顯行為 - 人本主義:重視個人經驗,整體性 (發展最大潛能) - 認知取向:重視心智歷程,怎麼處理訊息 (我思故我在) - 生物取向:關注神經系統,心智功能 - 演化取向:心智是演化結果,適應環境的結果,達爾文,物種個體變異,天擇 - 社會取向:文化、社會影響 # **ch2 Research Methods in Psychology** 研究歷程: - 隨機分派、操弄變相、非實驗法、問卷、資料庫... - Theory<-->[Determinism](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96) (決定論、拉普拉斯信條) - 理論 -> 假說 -> 研究設計 - 科學方法 generalization (類化) - 觀察者偏誤 (Observer Bias): 特定情況下的特定的思考、行為傾向,會導致理性或判斷產生系統性偏誤 - 標準化 (Standardization) - 操作型定義 (Operational definition) - research variable(自變項/獨變項) -> dependent variable(應變項) - causal ambiguity (因果模糊性) - 操弄獨變項 -> 測量依變項 - 替代解釋 - 混淆變項:實驗中若不加以控制, 將造成實驗者無法證實獨變項是造成應變項改變的一種外在變項 - 預期效應 - 安慰劑效應:在缺乏任何實驗變因下,受試者改變行爲 - Control Procedures 控制程序 - Double-blind control 雙盲控制:實驗組與對照組街不知實驗 - Placebo control 安慰劑控制 - Between-subjects designs 受試者間設計:實驗組及對照組是不同人馬 - Within-subjects designs 受試者內設計:同組人馬分次當實驗組及對照組 - Sample 樣本 - Representative Sample 代表性樣本 - Population 母群 - Correlational Methods 相關法 (相關係數) - 實驗 - 控制組 - 應變組 - 盡量只有一個變因 - 混淆變相 - physiological - 錯誤歸因 - 心理測量 - 信度 reliability (穩定度 - 效度 validity (可類推性 - Self-report Measures 自陳式測量 - Behavioral Measures 行為測量 - Direct observations 直接觀察 - Naturalistic observations 自然觀察 - Archival Data 檔案資料 - Case Study 個案研究 - 研究的倫理 - Informed Consent告知同意 - Risk/Gain Assessment風險/獲得評估 - Intentional Deception刻意瞞騙 - Debriefing事後釋疑 # **ch4 The Biological and Evolutionary Basis of Behavior** - 遺傳行為 - 先天 - 行為基因型 - 遺傳性 - 後天 - 神經系統 - 生物行為dri 單個眼睛有分左視野和右視野,左視野傳到右腦,右視野傳到左腦 驅動左手是右腦、驅動右手是左腦 大腦彈性與神經新生:常用就變大 # ch6 Mind, Consciousness, and Alternate States 心智、意識與狀態改變 - 前意識記憶Preconscious Memories:過往的記憶,沒有被大腦呼叫,在背景存放著 - 沒有注意的訊息Unattended Information: - 潛意識Unconscious:佛洛伊德,不符合道德規範的思想會被壓下去!? **研究意識的方法** - 放聲思考法:講出心裡所想的 - 經驗取樣法: - 隨機取樣即時經驗 - 回顧 **日夜週期&時差** - 人有固定的日夜週期 - 不過有時候會有「時差」(個體差異很大) - 調時差: - 通常晚點睡會比早點睡容易調回時差 - 吃**退黑激素(Melatonin)**是一種調時差方法 **睡眠週期** - REM(Rapid Eye Movement) 快速動眼睡眠 - non-REM 非快速動眼睡 # ch7 學習 Learning and Behavior Analysis - 習慣化:重複刺激,變得習慣了 - 敏感化:重複刺激,越來越敏感(對於討厭的東西較常出現這種狀況 **行為主義 & 行為分析** john watson 行為主義之父 **古典制約 & 操作制約** 課堂小活動 - 無條件刺激 food - 無條件反應 salivary reflex - 中性刺激 - 條件刺激 - 條件反應 條件刺激和無條件刺激的時間差與效果的關係: - 延遲制約:條件後無條件,有效 - 痕跡制約:條件後間隔一小段時間後無條件,有效 - 共時制約:同時出現,無效 - 回溯制約:條件在無條件後出現,無效 古典制約學習曲線: - 獲得 - 消失 - 自動恢復 # **考試** **小考** - 第一次小考 近年來英國某研究指出,10歲小孩每天吃糖比同年沒每天吃糖小孩,長大後更易因暴力犯罪而被捕。為避免小孩未來變成暴力犯罪者,我們應該限制小孩每天吃糖的量?爲什麼? - 第二次小考 **期中考** 40選擇、10名詞解釋,每題2分

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully