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    國財管 === ## 小結論 買進NDF = 未來如何都可以用現價賣, 因此不怕跌價 賣出期貨 = 如果未來漲價會讓你賺錢, 因此不怕漲價 買進買權 = 未來如何都可以用現價買, 因此不怕漲價 買進賣權 = 未來如何都可以用現價賣, 因此不怕跌價 ## Ch4 4-1 利用美元兌人民幣NDF來躲避後者貶值 向銀行購買 NDF, 4-2 為何CME要推出交叉匯率期貨 買賣同時進行/不需換算/省手續費 交叉匯率期貨, 單一貨幣期貨, 4-3 數月後要支付美元貨款 擔心美元升值 賣出歐元兑美元期貨 X兑X期貨, 4-4 如何用外匯選擇權躲避人民幣貶值 買進美元兑人民幣匯率買權 (人民幣/美元, 人民幣貶 這個數值會上升, 上升=好=買進買權) 匯率買權, 4-5 換匯交易-決定換匯點大小 兩國利差 換匯點 4-6 貨幣交換 雙方都可以減少[X元]資金之成本 資金之成本 習題 1 賣東西到美國 有應收帳款未來才會拿到 賣遠期美元 (類似期貨) 2 買進 美元標的NDF 代表 預期新台幣貶值 3 怕人民幣貶值 買美元兑人民幣NDF 4 怕美元升值 買美元NDF 美元兑人民幣期貨 美元兑人民幣匯率買權 5 美元兑人民幣NDF 本金100W美元 遠期匯率6.7 -> 6.6(RMB/USD) 到期時 賣方向買方收取15151.52美元 6 CME外匯期貨 O 日圓期貨契約規格 JPY 12500000, 英鎊期貨" GBP62500 也有以交叉匯率為標的的外匯期貨 X 皆採實物交割 7 台灣 小型 美元兑人民幣 期貨契約規格 20000美元 8 台灣 歐元兌美元 期貨契約規格 20000歐元 9 臺灣 美元兑日圓 期貨契約規格 20000美元 10 台灣 澳幣兌美元 期貨契約規格 25000澳幣 11 台灣 外匯期貨 O 期貨契約皆現金交割, 最後交易日=交割月份第3星期3 X 歐元兑美元 報價方式為 歐元/美元 A兑B報價方式為B/A 12 買進 6.8(RMB/USD) 平倉 6.85(RMB/USD) 無交易成本 賺 1000 人民幣 13 NASDAQ掛牌交易 外匯選擇權 歐元 選擇權契約規格 10000歐元 NASDAQ掛牌交易, 14 NASDAQ掛牌交易 外匯選擇權 日圓 選擇權契約規格 100萬日圓 16 台灣 外匯選擇權 O 美元兑人民幣 匯率選擇權 以香港財資市場公會最後交易日11:30公布為最後結算價, 現金結算 X 香港財資市場公會, 最後交易日and到期日 17 怕人民幣升值 O 買進美元兑人民幣匯率買權 18 買權履約價格6.9(RMB/USD) 權利金0.0546點 買權到期 損益兩平點 6.9 損益兩平點, 計算問答 2 外匯期貨 v.s. 遠期外匯契約 外匯期貨 標準化契約 在集中市場 有保證金/結算制度 遠期外匯契約 違約風險高 無固定場所 議價交易 成本較低較多人用 3 原始保證金 v.s. 維持保證金 (原始=6075, 維持=4500) 當月平倉公式 $$ 金額\times口數\times(買點-賣點)$$ 4 (金額)-A兑B 預防貶值避險 期貨避險 未價=未來價格 履約價格=過去價格 公式 $$若跌會賺=一口價格\times口數\times(履約-未價)$$ 直覺想法 賣方預期未來會跌 5 賣出-A兑B-期貨 直覺想法 賣方預期會跌 保證金餘額 如果虧損會先從這扣 6 外匯選擇權 以全球外匯選擇權為例 標的物 以外國貨幣為主 履約型態 歐式選擇權 僅能在到期日執行選擇權 契約月份 (3,6,9,12)擇一後可再換成兩個近月 間接報價法 權利金報價 每點100美元 最後交易日/到期日 交割月份第3星期五/次日 交割方式 現金交割 7 選擇權-履約價值 履約價值 買方行使權利(買/賣)能賺到的錢 直覺思考 買方希望以比未價便宜買到-希望履約價格(=定契約時的價格)低於未價 賣方希望以比未價貴賣出-希望履約價格高於未價 事與願違 稱為價外買/賣權 此時不如用市價買/賣而不會行使權利 沒賺沒賠 價平買/賣權 8 ![](https://i.imgur.com/6B0tuyY.png) 一開始花費點數=損益縱軸起始值(花費2點, 起始值$-2$) <img src="https://i.imgur.com/vWoR3js.png" width="250"> x軸是未價 當未價高於履約價格時賺錢 因為可以用130買到>130的標的物 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/p9uLLiR.png" width="250"> x軸是未價 當未價低於履約價格時賺錢 因為可以用130賣出<130的標的物 9 外匯期貨 v.s. 外匯選擇權 外匯期貨 必須履行交割 雙方都要交保證金 外匯選擇權 買方支付權利金(最多就賠這麼多) 無須保證金 10 計算損益兩平點 計算損益(交易成本忽略) $$\left[一口價格\times口數\times(履約-未價)\right]-\left[一口價格\times口數\times成交價\right]$$ 11 使用 A兑B之-NDF/貨幣期貨/匯率選擇權 直覺想法 A兑B指的是: $$\frac{B}{A}$$ 如果**未來**B升值 同樣的A換到的B會變少 這個比值會下降 代表虧損 賣出NDF: 用賣期貨來記 賣出期貨: 用履約價在未來賣東西 買進賣權: 用履約價在未來賣東西的權利 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/FLlp7Nk.png" width="500"/> 12 換匯交易 目前即期匯率30(NTD/USD) 報價-160/-140 現金流向 換匯交易 同時(買進即期外匯(A換B),賣出遠期外匯(B換回A)) 短期資金調度 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/xggAUiF.png" width="350"/> 當銀行開-160/-140(Buy/Sell)指的是銀行願意用 $(30-0.0160)$的價格買回我們要賣的貨幣 13 平行貸款(Parallel) 背對背貸款(Back to Back) <img src="https://i.imgur.com/LST2g95.png" width="500"> 平行貸款 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/S2EyTEq.png" width="500"> 背對背貸款 14 平行貸款計算(兩家公司互借) <img src="https://i.imgur.com/6Pg0MD6.png" width="500"/> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/3VauEIM.png" width="500"> 各自需要支付給對方的利息: $$(請對方幫忙借的金額\times自己開的\%數\times1/2(每半年繳))$$ 幫忙借新台幣的台灣公司支出: $$(該公司借款新台幣\%數+該公司想要的借款美金\%數-對方公司想要支付的借款新台幣\%數)\\ =(8\%)+(L+1.5\%)-5.5\%=L+4\%$$ 幫忙借美金的美國公司支出: $$(該公司借美金\%數+該公司想要的台幣\%數-台灣公司想要支付的美金\%數)\\ =(L+2\%)+5.5\%-(L+1.5\%)=6\% $$ 比較利益, ## TODO: Ch3

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