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    # week02 Binary Machine Vision - Thresholding and Segmentation ###### tags: `109-1 cv` ### 助教研究內容(老師講會考) #### Autonomous Probe Card Analysis(自動化探針卡上的針髒污、磨損分析) 探針卡為晶圓未切割前,IC未完成封裝前的重要測試介面,透過Probe Card 可以測試晶圓品質,可避免不良品封裝成本。 名詞解釋: coplanarity:共面度-以平均針高為中心,上下對分公差 position error:針偏-針對圓心與標準值的差異 needle height:針高-針臂開始轉彎處至針尖頂部的距離 diameter for needle:針徑-探針頂部的直徑 1. 方法2' 使用程式對掃描探針卡特征資料視覺化,對這些資料再做統計 * 掃描工具 共焦的白光線性掃描器 192x2um 光源透過棱鏡去掃描目標,不同波長的光聚焦在不同的點,反射能量不同得到光譜圖 最後獲取幾何資訊、設定檔 * 程式語言及套件 * 程式語言 python * 套件 1: numpy 儲存資料 * 套件 2: Mayavi 視覺化 * 程式設計 在計算前先要輸入“準確值”和“可允許的誤差值”(+-8um) 輸出掃描針頭“最大值”、“最小值”、“平均值”、“問題針頭” 2. 步驟2' 參考ppt-computation process 3. 結果2' 原本要使用光學顯微鏡才可以檢測到的瑕疵,現在用掃描檔輸入到python進行計算,通過視覺化的方法觀察針頭的狀態檢測問題晶圓。 ### Thresholding(閾值) Quick summarization: * 生成二元電腦影像用來分析目標 * 閾值的選取會影響到後期圖像分割的精度以及效率 ### Connected components labeling * 四連通、八連通 https://blog.csdn.net/Vichael_Chan/article/details/102542779 * 連通區域分析 1. iteractive method 2. the classical algorithm--two top-down pass 3. a space-efficient two pass algo that use a local equivalence table 4. an efficient run-length implementation of local table method https://blog.csdn.net/x_r_su/article/details/54839089 ### Signature segmentation and analysis 對二元影像矩陣做垂直投影和水平投影(垂直方向加總和水平方向加總) 將投影出現的部分分割,找出不同簽名的數量及位置 應用:支票手寫數字識別,根據不同數字的像素直方圖特性不同 ### 名詞總結: binary value 1: considered part of object(要保留下來的前景部分) binary value 0: background pixel(忽略成為背景的部分) binary machine vision: 生成和分析二元影像 threshold: 閾值T,灰階亮度≥T 設定binary value為1, 灰階亮度<T設定binary value為0 histogram: 在區域內每個灰階值(0-255)對應的數量 如何確定合適的閾值T: 1. Minimize within-group variance 群體變異數(≥T的像素值群體變異數+<T的像素值群體變異數) 2. Minimize Kullback information distance(KL divergence) Connected component labeling:連通區域分析(分群操作) 在二元影像中所有連通在一起的binary-1的像素區域給一個標籤 label: unique name, index of the region. An identifier for a potential object region. pixel property: position, gray level or brightness level region property: shape, bounding box, position, intensity statistics connected components labeling: a grouping operation

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