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    # HITCON FreeTalk 20180119 ``` Last Modified: Create: 20180119 13:23 ``` Hitcone官方共筆 [link](https://hackmd.io/IYTgRsAMaQTAtAZhAEwGbwCxlgdniAMaIaGECmAjISoWAKzCbBA=?view#panel-%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A1%E8%BF%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%88%E4%BE%86%E5%A1%AB%E5%AF%AB%EF%BC%89) ## 暢談 CPU 處理器的歷史包袱 - Spectre & Meltdown 漏洞原理說明與 POC 剖析(講師:Bletchley) > [講師簡報連結](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E2VXtXTTD4_-IR6sbRvP9MiADKo41zvu/view?usp=sharing==) Execute low privilege code can read unpermitted memory region Google 研究團隊發布漏洞的網站 - https://meltdownattack.com CPU Architecture 中,frontend 是作 fetch and decode 的部分,接著才交給 backend 去做 execution,其中 code (record) buffer 也在這邊 ### out-of-order execution 有時候處理器為了加速,會偷跑排在後面的指令,例如後面指令可能是一個加法指令,而且已經在 register 中,就可能會被選為偷跑項目 但有時候偷跑會發生出錯,一旦出錯,有可能被處理器丟棄,不會 commit 到 CPU 的輸出結果中(memory write) ### speculative execution 這個是 branch instruction 的一種執行方法,會去猜測 condition instrcution 的成立與否,如果猜對了,就會 commit 到 CPU 的 memory 偷跑動作的時候,會去存取記憶體,subsytem cache 不知道是偷跑的,所以還是會把獨進來的資料做處理,這就是漏洞 > [main differences between Meltdown and Spectre](https://www.facebook.com/ENISAEUAGENCY/photos/pb.260742884030702.-2207520000.1516342064./1316708825100764) ### Flush + Reload Attack ``` var = array[ secret* cache_line_size ] ``` 256 accesses time helps discover one byte data () ### CVEs * CVE-2017-5753 * CVE-2017-5715 * CVE-2017-5754 ### Inside the CPU (CPU architecture) * Frontend * Execution Engine * Reorder Buffer * CPU 偷跑後面順序可以先執行的指令 * 若發現偷跑的指令不合法則把指令結果丟棄 * 可是已經把 value 寫到 cache 當中了 * Execution Unit ### Meltdown Proof-of-Concept * Website: https://github.com/IAIK/meltdown > 請問有Spectre的 POC 連結嗎,剛剛投影片太快沒看到 ### Spectre POC https://github.com/crozone/SpectrePoC ## 從晶片設計角度看硬體安全(講師:黃世旭教授) 現代CPU設計由於Multithread & Multicore的因素CPU執行指令運算之前需要peak一下CPU的狀態與看預算時需求的Memory是否會產生lock,這個過程會在CPU的底層做(注意到這裡OS已無法管理,指令並須被執行除非CPU drop這個指令,CPU drop會通知回OS) 利用這個方法去看CPU Handle的記憶體區段Peak其他區域的記憶體位置(OS無法阻擋),或者CPU上的Memory管理機制重新回Initial state ![](https://i.imgur.com/eXEUSuc.png) 在邏輯電路裡設計狀態機(FSM)時傳統訓練方法有don't care condition可能會造成電路運行時產生你所不期望的狀態循環,例如重回initial state,所以設計時不太應該使用don't care(雖然可以節省電路成本與最邏輯複雜度最佳化),但為了安全性,應當把所有組合列出,額外去處理不期望的例外。 ![](https://imgur.com/6Zqob33) ![](https://imgur.com/DbtocCO) ![](https://imgur.com/kPUIcfX) ![](https://imgur.com/fQNbHiU) PUF -> physical unclonable function [Some basic description about PUF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_unclonable_function) 電路最佳化問題 - 電路複雜度 - 電路成本 - Data Store(Cache & Register )漏電問題 - 面積 Intel identified the vulnerabilities as: CVE-2017-5705 – Multiple buffer overflows in kernel in Intel ME Firmware allowing an attacker with local access to the system to execute arbitrary code. CVE-2017-5708 – Multiple privilege escalations in kernel in Intel ME Firmware allowing unauthorized processes to access privileged content via unspecified vector. CVE-2017-5711 & CVE-2017-5712 – Multiple buffer overflows in Active Management Technology (AMT) in ME Firmware allowing attacker with local access to the system to execute arbitrary code with AMT execution privilege. CVE-2017-5706 – Multiple buffer overflows in kernel in Intel SPS Firmware 4.0 allow attacker with local access to the system to execute arbitrary code. CVE-2017-5709 -Multiple privilege escalations in kernel in Intel SPS Firmware 4.0 allows unauthorized process to access privileged content via unspecified vector. CVE-2017-5707 – Multiple buffer overflows in kernel in Intel TXE Firmware 3.0 allow attacker with local access to the system to execute arbitrary code. CVE-2017-5710 – Multiple privilege escalations in kernel in Intel TXE Firmware 3.0 allows unauthorized process to access privileged content via unspecified vector. 原文: https://meltdownattack.com/meltdown.pdf ## Spectre & Meltdown 漏洞的修補策略與 risk mitigation(講師:gasgas) windows 微軟提供新的PowerShell你可以檢查是否已更新 安全最大風險:Browser 使用 JavaScript 打包 POC 放在網路上,瀏覽器看了,記憶體的資料就被偷了。 https://xlab.tencent.com/special/spectre/spectre_check.html * CPU Level 修補 : intel microcode update AMD will make optional microcode update * 程式千萬別看錯執行錯,變磚機率爆高! * 目前還不是 CPU Microcode 修補的好時機,可能都只是暫時修補,後續的修補應該會比較全面也比較安全。 * BIOS Level * 修補會是個比較好的選擇 (其中也包含 CPU Microcode),變磚機率低一點點。 * BIOS Update 只能修補其中一個 Spectre 的弱點 * OS Level 修補 * Amazon (AWS)/(VMware) 已修補 * Application Level 修補 微軟在核心地方插旗標,VS也有個選項,自動幫你path > Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5 /Qsperctre lfence :系統執行到此會停止預先運算 **請愛用官方修正程式** **漏洞衍伸物 ➡️ skyfall and solace** ## 詭譎多變威脅下的資安應變與治理(講師:微軟-林宏嘉協理) ===廣告略過=== XD 微軟

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