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    [TOC] # 机器阅读理解MRC和视觉问答VQA任务相通之处 > 机器阅读理解(Machine Reading Comprehension, MRC) > 视觉问答(Visual Question Answering, VQA) 【MRC参考资料】 博客: [MRC技术研究](https://www.jiqizhixin.com/articles/2019-12-20-6) [MRC中的多答案抽取](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/101248202) 论文: [MRC综述](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01118) 【VQA参考资料】 博客: [基于深度学习的VQA技术](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/22530291) 论文: [VQA开山之作](https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_iccv_2015/papers/Antol_VQA_Visual_Question_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf) [VQN综述论文](https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2105/2105.00421.pdf) 【用MRC的思路实现VQA】 [参考论文](https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_CVPR_2019/papers/Li_Visual_Question_Answering_as_Reading_Comprehension_CVPR_2019_paper.pdf) ## MRC介绍(todo lza) ## VQA介绍(todo nyk) 1. VQA的SOTA方法介绍 由于VQA涉及到CV和NLP两个领域的内容,那么很自然的一种VQA解决方案就是将在CV和NLP中应用非常成功的CNN和RNN结合构造组合模型。下面介绍一些具有代表性的研究中提到的比较好的模型组合。 - Deeper LSTM Q + norm Ⅰ模型 - VIS + LSTM模型 - Neural-Image-QA模型 - mQA模型 2. VQA面临的挑战及可能的改进方向 ## 用MRC的思路实现VQA (todo yyx) ### 简介 研究者[1]提出用自然语言明确表示图像内容,也即通过将图像转换为自然语言,将VQA问题转换为MRC问题。使用这种转换的方法不仅可以处理面向基于观察的(observation based)问题的VQA数据集,且有助于探索大规模的外部知识库,可以自然地扩展到处理基于知识的(knowledge based)VQA。研究者认为,这是朝着能够利用大量的文本和自然语言处理技术来解决VQA问题迈出的一步。 ### 技术方案 研究者使用的方法建立在为MRC任务新提出的QANet[2]上。在本小节,首先概述QANet及其模块,然后提出两类模型来分别处理开放式VQA(open-ended VQA)和多项选择VQA(multiple-choice VQA)。 #### 1. QANet QANet是一种快速、准确的用于MRC任务的端到端模型。它由嵌入模块(embedding encoder)、嵌入编码器(embedding encoder)、上下文查询注意力模块(context-query attention block)、模型编码器(model encoder)和输出层组成。QANet的encoder仅使用卷积层和自注意力层处理序贯文本,而不使用RNN。在这之后,使用上下文问题注意力层来学习它们之间的相互作用。所得到的特征被再次编码,最后被解码到答案在上下文中的位置。 嵌入模块:将上下文和问题中的每个单词嵌入到向量中。 嵌入编码器:应用了多头注意机制来建模全局交互作用。 上下文查询注意力模块:用于提取上下文和问题词之间最相关的特征。 #### 2. 开放式VQA模型 VQA的主要关注点之一是评价系统中语义水平的视觉理解能力。考虑到在自然语言中可以描述不同范围的语义视觉信息,研究者尝试将图像完全转换为一个描述性的段落,以便为语义问题保留尽可能多的语义信息。由于所有输入在文本域都是统一的,该方法方法避免了隐藏空间中多模态特征融合的挑战任务,可以直接扩展到处理基于知识的VQA。 研究者所提出的模型的体系结构如下图所示。除了QANet中使用的基本模块外,还添加了另一个输入预处理块,并修改了开放式VQA的输出块。通过用将图像转换为嵌入语言,研究者将VQA转换为MRC任务。由于处理为相同的模态(语言),额外的知识可以自然地添加到模型中。 ![开放式VQA模型](https://i.imgur.com/Gm9MWrs.png) 根据任务,输入预处理模块可以包括图像描述模块和外部知识检索模块。图像描述模块的目的是用一个文本段表示图像信息。 对于需要图像之外的辅助知识的VQA,需要一个支持性事实检索模块。要求从一般的大规模知识库中提取相关的支持事实,而忽略不相关的事实。 输出层也是特定于任务的。如果答案包含在文本段落中,则可以沿用QANet中的输出层,并预测上下文中答案的开始和结束位置。然而在某些情况下,答案可能不会明确地显示在上下文中。为解决该问题,研究者将输出层构建为多分类层,基于三个模型编码器的输出特征预测预定义答案类的概率。 ### 参考文献 [1] VQA+MRC [2] QANet,原文36

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