COSCUP
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Help
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 自由軟體的國際化與在地化 {%hackmd @coscup/announcement-2025 %} > 請從這裡開始 ###### tags: `COSCUP2025`, `zhtw`, `elementary` ## 前言 * 議程設計給完全沒有概念的大學生 * 交大資工實習的時候講這個議題 ## 封面 * 日期: * 民國紀年(114.8.9) * ISO 格式(2025-08-09) * 有混淆可能的 DD.MM.YYYY(歐) 跟 MM.DD.YYYY (美) * 各個地區有不同的文化 ## 國際化與在地化 * 遊戲 * 凱蘭迪亞傳奇 * 很紅的原因是因為很少數的有中文 * 魔法門 * 發行台灣但界面文字看起來像是簡體字的原因:因為界面限制(解析度太低,說明書還付了一個簡繁對照表) * 三國志列傳 * 日本遊戲特別出繁體中文版 * Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego(卡門聖地牙哥), 1985(英文) * 出在 Apple II 電腦(8位元)的遊戲 * 大富翁 * 非常少數出在 Apple II 電腦的中文遊戲 * 過去軟體跟程式要顯示中文是非常複雜的事情 * 訊息處理(參「其他問題」) * 字型處理 * 字元編碼 * 所以只要出了就會大賣 * 其他問題: * 數字的表示法:1.000 or 1,000 * 年曆 * 日期 * 貨幣 * 度量衡(公制、英制) * …… ## 國際化與在地化 * 每個國家的軟體訊息要全部改一遍再重新建構新的版本 ## 簡單的多國語言化概念 * 流程: 1. 把原始程式的訊息抽出來建置索引 1. 將訊息檔翻譯 1. 執行時期透過查詢原始訊息-翻譯訊息的對應顯示翻譯的訊息 * 換語言的時候程式不用再改 ## 簡單的多國語言化概念(範例 2) * 用 C 語言寫 CGI 寫前端(!) * 將特定語言的訊息直接逐行列舉在文字檔,全部載入進陣列之後再用索引編號的方式參照 ## 國際化(i18n)與在地化(l10n) - 國際化: 把軟體&語言的部分進行拆分 + 區域環境資料庫(locale):放置各區域語言的資料(貨幣、日期、日光節約時間……) + 設計程式時不用考慮區域細節,在執行時期處理 - 在地化: + 使用國際化架構充實特定區域、文化資料的作法 + l10n == 大多指翻譯 + 內容包含: + 文字翻譯 + 特定語言支援(左到右、右到左) + 符號、數字、度量衡 + 排序方法(collation) + 後面幾項只需要作一次就好 + 範疇不是只有翻譯 ## Linux 上的中文化始祖 - CLE * Chinese Linux Extension - Linux 延伸套件計畫 * 社群前輩修改「每一個」程式的內容加入中文支援之後再重新編譯打包釋出 * 因不可能一直延續下去(上游改版),所以跟上游團隊合作導入國際化的架構,同時打好Linux翻譯的基礎 * ex: Linux, QT,GTK+,KDE,Gnome,glibc ## 自由軟體的國際化 - Gettext * 開發者使用 gettext 函式包裝訊息再將其抽出產生 POT 檔 * 翻譯者將 POT 檔翻譯為 PO * 開發者將 PO 檔編譯成軟體開發者能用的 MO 檔 * 結購 * 檔頭 * 產生時間 * 最後翻譯者 * 條目 * 旗標 * 注解(很重要): 區分不同意義 ## PO 檔的內容與格式:檔頭 * 產生時間 * 最後翻譯者 * 複數形(plural-forms)的定義: * 中文沒有(nplurals=1; plural=0) * 英文(數量不是 1 的要另外處理) * 可以搞到非常複雜的其他語言 ## PO 檔的內容與格式:條目 * 旗標 * 註解(非常重要:提供情境說明) * 左側的故事 * Windows 98 的彈珠台:Left: 3 * Left 實際上應翻譯為「剩下」 * 同樣的原文在不同的地方會有不同的意思 * [KMyMoney](https://apps.kde.org/zh-tw/kmymoney/) * Security 在財務會計的領域是代表「證券股票」的意思,不是「安全」也不是「抵押品」 * 不同註解的兩個原文訊息會被當作獨立的翻譯 ## 自由軟體的中文化 * 需要的工具 * 文字編輯器 * 簡單的英翻中的概念 * 熱心、恆心跟耐心 * 專用的翻譯軟體 * 實現: * Poedit * Lokalize * 翻譯資料庫: * 可以省掉很多功夫,但要事先建立 * 翻譯平台: * Launchpad * 提交上游的問題 * Pootle * Transifex * Weblate * 維護: 單人 vs 多人 * 多人共筆有品質的問題 ## Gettext 的涵蓋範圍 * 範圍 * 文件 * 網頁 * 程式 * 很多語言跟框架都有支援了 * Python * * 鼓勵在軟體開發階段就把國際化的東西加進去 ## 其他的多國語言化作法 * Translate toolkit 可以在不同翻譯格式間轉換 ## Q&A ### 繁體中文被簡體中文簡轉繁翻譯蓋台問題如何解決(例:Kidcad) 需要跟上游維護者協調

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully