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    # 時間序列預測 # 1.問題描述 使用任意一種RNN(SimpleRNN,GRU,LSTM),根據提供的1000筆時間序列數據,預測出1001~1500筆數據。 提供的數據集: A3_train.txt,其中有1000行,每一行為一個float類型的數值,該txt文件部分內容如下: ![數據集樣例](https://i.imgur.com/2mhTHYe.png) # 2.數據預處理 ## ①讀取文件,將文件的1000條數據轉化為形狀是(1000,)的array ```python= # 读取文件,将1000条数据构造成一个形状为(1000,)的array import os import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt data_dir = r"C:\Users\NOTEBOOK\DeepLearningNote\train_data.txt" f = open(data_dir) content = f.read() f.close() samples = [float(i) for i in content.split("\n")] samples = np.array(samples) plt.plot(range(len(samples)),samples) ``` 將1000條數據展示出來 ![1000條數據以坐標的形式展示出來](https://i.imgur.com/ueANnNz.png) ## ②定義一個用來產生train_data和train_labels的函數 該函數可以產生(900,100)狀的array,作為train_data,產生(900,)狀的array,作為train_labels ```python= #定义split_sequence函数,返回值X含有n_steps个之前的值,y是下一时刻的值 def split_sequence(sequence, n_steps): X, y = list(), list() for i in range(len(sequence)): end_ix = i + n_steps if end_ix > len(sequence)-1: break seq_x, seq_y = sequence[i:end_ix], sequence[end_ix] X.append(seq_x) y.append(seq_y) return np.array(X), np.array(y) ``` ## ③通過split_sequence函數,得到所有的data和labels,並將train_data變形為LSTM可處理的形式 ```python= data,labels = split_sequence(samples,100) data = data.reshape((len(data),100,1)) ``` # 3.建立模型 模型由三層LSTM層和一個Dense層組成 ```python= #建立模型 from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import GRU,LSTM,Dropout,Dense model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(20,activation="relu",input_shape=(100,1),return_sequences=True)) model.add(LSTM(30,activation="relu",return_sequences=True)) model.add(LSTM(30,activation="relu")) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mse') model.summary() ``` # 4.訓練模型 將1000筆數據中的20%作為驗證數據 ```python= history = model.fit(data,labels,epochs=20,batch_size=20,validation_split=0.2) ``` 由於初始的權重是隨機的,最好的一次訓練過程如下 ![](https://i.imgur.com/iZg8S4J.png) 打印其訓練過程的loss和val_loss ```python= loss = history.history['loss'] val_loss = history.history['val_loss'] plt.plot(range(20),loss,"bo",label="loss") plt.plot(range(20),val_loss,"b",label='val_loss') plt.legend() plt.show() ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/tR9MJAI.png) # 5.預測 ## ①定義預測函數 此函數用來得到1001~1500這500筆預測結果 此函數首先利用901~1000這100筆數據得到第1001筆預測結果,然後將1001筆預測結果存入到results中,將902~1001這100筆數據加入原始數據中,下一輪預測將以此為輸入,得到第1002筆預測結果,依次進行下去,直到運行500次,也就是得到第1500筆預測結果 ```python= #定义方法,可以预测从1001到1500的结果 def predict1001_1500(samples): results = [] for i in range(500): # print(samples[-1].shape) result = model.predict(samples[-1].reshape(1,100,1)) results.append(result) sample = np.append(samples[-1][1:],result) sample = sample.reshape((1,100,1)) # print(sample.shape) samples = np.concatenate((samples,sample),axis=0) return results ``` ## ②得到1001~1500這500筆預測結果 ```python= results = predict1001_1500(data) ``` 將這1500筆預測結果打印出來 ```python= plt.plot(range(1000),samples) plt.plot(range(1000,1500),np.array(results).reshape(500,)) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/fpIyNcr.png) 單獨打印500筆預測結果 ```python= plt.plot(range(500),np.array(results).reshape(500,)) ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/R9gRZDD.png)

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