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    --- title: "COSCUP 2023 Open GIS - community building and maintaining QGIS materials" tags: coscup,hackmd, coscup 2023 --- # 開源GIS大亂鬥,如何經營永續的社群與維護教材 前言:GIS是一個相當綜合而且難專精的學科,在台灣除了商業軟體如ArcGIS之外,拜全球開源風潮,有可以免費取得與使用的QGIS。近期Facebook社團QGIS小學堂有大量新手發問,而且問題像是那邊找地理資料,設定資料集坐標系統這類基本問題,推測有大量傳統上沒有教GIS的科系或是社會大學體系、高中地理,有大量教學需要,負責授課老師的沒辦法教太多(因原自身非地理資訊能力或亦未經訓練者),需要學生自行探索。再加上今年ArcGIS開放個人商業授權方案(目前提供個人帳號申請,但可用功能非常侷限),工具的近用性大為提昇,導致沒有相關基礎的學生需要自行摸索,諸如QGIS小學堂。儘管QGIS是相當成功的開源專案,有活躍的開發者社群,以及健全的商業服務模式,但在台灣本地這邊,社群規模不足以支援軟體翻譯以及教材翻譯工作。 本次 OpenStreetMap x Wikidata 議程特意開設開源 GIS 討論議程,探究成功的開源專案 QGIS,在台灣本地的面臨社群動能不足狀況,翻譯軟體或是教材進度遠遠落後開發進度,試圖在本次論壇識別問題並提出解決之道 ### 基本資訊 * QGIS(等相關軟體)教學、推廣、應用 * 社群經營 * 職業、工作應用 * 研究、學術、教師推廣 * 學生、社區大學、交作業 * 教材 * 官方:[QGIS](https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/training_manual/index.html) * 官方:[108課綱和未來的118課綱、高中選修地理二]目前已知南一、龍騰版本採用QGIS授課。 * 非官方:[Spatial Thoughts](http://www.qgistutorials.com/en/) * 大學課程:[Automating GIS Processing](https://autogis-site.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html) ### 流程 #### 自我介紹 Supaplex:OpenStreetMap貢獻者,因綠際會接觸GIS,因此會套疊資料集,知道坐標系調整方式。最複雜的GIS操作,是針對特地問題-切割村里邊界,找到用GRASS當中的工具進行。跟GIS關係是翻譯QuickOSM與Overpass Turbo。 工友:工作上會用到GIS工具 (聯絡 https://www.facebook.com/negatorism 或g0v Slack:@unknow、#GIS頻道) 待業狀態民眾:僅能靠遙測學和地理資訊系統課程賺微薄生活費。 林政道:嘉義大學生物資源學系副教授,在教育現場有GIS使用與教學需要 其他夥伴增補 #### GIS與GIS工具介紹 * QGIS *原則上無直接對應前台程式,但使用者可以自行選擇採用TGOS、國土測繪中心或Leafmap、OSM所提供的API建立足夠的函示框架,顯示地圖與自己要的主題資料;此外本套軟體自身支援Python,意即代表可自行開發外掛程式原有或編修的外掛程式,針對其指令與函示提供足夠個人化和自我客製化的效果與成果。 * ArcGIS *本軟體自10.X版後開始發展SaaS(軟體即服務),但仍保留一定的單機化架構,其單機軟體功能與QGIS近乎相同。 * SuperGIS *源自臺灣地區曾經有段時期視ArcView所產製的檔案為開放格式,亦即Shapeflie、dbf與連結兩者的Shx格式;期後ESRI公司發現此一問題,故調整格式改為非開放格式,但其編碼已經外流,變成臺灣地區除DWG R18外最通用的格式,而同一時期歐特克亦發現其R18版的DWG也被列為通用格式,繼而後續版本僅支援正常讀取,不支援存檔。但這時期仍偏單機版為主,後來OSGeo4W組織開始推動支援IIS與TOMCAT的前台軟體,變成缺少相關向量檔案呈現,因此導入此一組織的軟體,例如:GeoServer、Mapguide open source等開源軟體,開始與ESRI的ArcIMS分庭抗禮,故Super GIS此刻也開始發展其針對前台的網頁版本APP,並搭配販售使用。 #### 資訊領域侵蝕傳統GIS領域 除了GIS軟體之外,各種程式語言如Python也能處理GIS資料,瞭解基本的地圖學知識之後,也能很快上手,用自己慣用的程式工具處理GIS資料;但缺乏完整投影或足夠的航照判讀技能,這反倒會變成使用的障礙。另外空間資料庫的使用,雖說在資料展示配合前台的API用上,空間資料庫的使用很重要,但是相關資料在QGIS中的使用,並沒有十分配合;甚至為了空間資料庫的使用資料,反倒造成使用者對於實際資料的陌生與不夠熟悉。因為多數資料都來自於各空間資料的匯出的Json或Geojson檔,這些對於一般GIS軟體在資料使用上更為陌生,但也是最便捷的資料交換方式。 特別是此時Google Maps的開始大量被流傳使用,甚至透過各國地圖建置商蒐集在地地圖資料,而在臺灣有一度還透過一般使用者進行資料校正與蒐集,但隨著街景車的大量使用,外加各地不同等級的在地嚮導常給錯誤資訊,便開始逐步限縮嚮導功能,目前僅保留照片點閱率,作為評鑑標準;而此時傳統GIS業界也開始被google的技術拉著走,從最便捷的WMS(因為網速不夠,無法支援),改變成網路效能可以使用到極致的WMTS(網格式圖磚服務),而其他資料則透過網頁語法進行傳遞。 目前網格式圖磚已經更進化為Vector Tile(目前尚未定義完整國際版本服務),但Google Maps與OSM均已開始大量使用,其優勢在於資料調整、修改和重新再定義,均可快速達成目標,而網頁API這邊卻不用動到太多函數,僅需維持原本呼叫方式和機制即可。 #### OpenStreetMap:意外的GIS資料集 沒想到隨著各商業圖資取得成本高,變成不少人方便取得的資料集。台灣在高壓電塔、ETC收費門柱,各種本土語言如台灣台語、台灣客語、各個台灣原住民族語言都有標示地名。 OpenStreetMap這邊的HOT有編撰LearnOSM,也是編輯完整的訓練教材。 #### 社群經營 國際上QGIS是相當活躍的開源專案,但目前在使用上仍是ESRI在主要市場上佔了絕對優勢,甚至換成單機軟體去看,儘管ArcGIS一直鼓勵大家換成網頁版本,並提供高中教師半年的帳號授權,但是其使用介面和環境仍遠大於QGIS。而在國家政策上各級政府均依照政府採購法採購網頁版的ArcGIS和SuperGIS,這兩套軟體的網頁前台版本,所以亦會同時採購對應套數或相對數量的單機軟體,因此這也降低了QGIS在使用上的數量與實際效率(因開源軟體無法表列套數和實際交付作業方式)。 開源專案與台灣GIS的距離多遠? 其他議題 #### 教材狀況 英文文件相當完整,有QGIS官方文件、Spatialthoughts,影音類有學校放出來如[Automatic GIS Processing](https://autogis-site.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html),採用資料科學界常用的Juptier Notebook型式釋出,除了修課學生自學者也能照著步驟學習。但中文的教材則面臨中文化不完整狀況,雖然QGIS是中文,但從3.18版之後新版本的更新,往往一換版本語系的用詞不是簡體,就是對岸用語,這也影響QGIS的推廣和使用。 >[1](https://www.facebook.com/groups/600385406707053/posts/4909174495828101/?__cft__[0]=AZW_7aR6j3blDa0Nnbjxa0NPjOlmvW5xjJYeZcKj7F082QOtT_lsw7883hVVYgM2z9Ny11566g0OVQ_kbVEaKH3jMzylv0X-Vjwp2Mi7fdfcrwrqTNMTM8bc6-VgFPvLkV9Rv504EPrQPaIi9LkbV5TD&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R)這是被不懂中文的QGIS的人整個把簡體中文蓋到繁體中文去了,有在社團反映但好像沒人弄後續 #### 募集資源可能性 * 請授課老師或組織贊助活動,辦理推廣工作坊,翻譯工作坊 * 相關大學科系支援 > 我(@mutolisp)有在寫[正體中文講義](https://github.com/mutolisp/introGIS)中,但平常較忙更新不會那麼快 #### 與談展望與對策:近期可能做到的行動 * 辦工作坊,運用像是COSCUP這類型活動進行 * 找尋願意贊助的單位編輯教材與開設工作坊 * 將本次的討論與結論寄給相關的GIS團體 * 其他&共筆補充

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