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    --- title: VirtualBox 6.1 Series 虛擬機器操作教學 tags: Virtual Machines --- # VirtualBox 6.1 Series 虛擬機器操作說明 Oracle VirtualBox 是由德國 InnoTek 軟體公司出品的虛擬機器軟體,現在則由甲骨文公司進行開發,它提供 Windows、MacOS、Solaris 及 Linux 作業系統上虛擬其它 x86 作業系統。 VirtualBox 支援 Windows、DOS、Linux、MacOS、BSD、OS/2 Warp 及 Solaris 等系統作為客體作業系統。 ## VirtualBox 安裝教學 ![](https://i.imgur.com/FqVwxaI.png) - VirtualBox 下載網址: [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) - 請依照安裝程式指示進行安裝 - 同意安裝 VirtualBox 發行之驅動程式 :::info - 請記得安裝 VirtualBox Extension Pack 以取得更多功能 ::: ## 建立虛擬機器 ![](https://i.imgur.com/liLmQp1.png) 選擇新增,建立新的虛擬機器 ![](https://i.imgur.com/esT3uLj.png) 虛擬機器資訊設定 - 分為 Guided Mode / Expert Mode,兩者差別僅為操作頁面排版差異,操作上並無不同。 - 虛擬機器名稱,取你喜歡的名字 - 虛擬機儲存位置,虛擬機檔案之存檔位置 - 客體作業系統類型,選擇要安裝的系統類型(如 Windows、Linux、MacOS......) - 客體作業系統版本(如 Windows 10、Windows 8.1、Windows 7......) ![](https://i.imgur.com/QXYiAZv.png) 記憶體大小設定 - 請依照實體電腦記憶體大小及客體作業系統所需大小自行配置 ![](https://i.imgur.com/vZbEcFj.png) 是否新建虛擬硬碟 - 不新建,虛擬機器將處於無硬碟狀態 - 新建虛擬硬碟,建立新的虛擬硬碟,並安裝於虛擬機器中 - 使用現有的虛擬硬碟,虛擬機器可取用已存在之虛擬硬碟檔 ![](https://i.imgur.com/IIYN611.png) 建立虛擬硬碟,格式選擇,建議選擇 VHD 格式 - VDI,VirtualBox 的虛擬硬碟格式檔案 - VHD,Microsoft 的虛擬硬碟格式檔案(推薦使用) - 此格式相容性佳,用途廣,方便在其他軟體中使用 - 此格式可在掛載在 Windows 系統中,方便取用虛擬硬碟內資訊 - VMDK,VMware 的虛擬硬碟格式檔案 :::info 推薦使用 VHD 建立虛擬硬碟檔案 ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/zDkl3Xv.png) 虛擬硬碟建立方式 - 動態擴充 - 設定上限容量,會依照使用量動態增加容量(不會超過上限容量) - 效能較差(感覺不大) - 佔用空間只會增加,釋放後也不會減少(可透過工具縮小佔用空間) - 固定大小 - 建立完成後即會固定佔用設定的上限容量 - 效能較佳 ![](https://i.imgur.com/JOoBQtu.png) 建立虛擬硬碟 - 選擇虛擬硬碟存放位置 - 虛擬硬碟上限容量 - 請依照客體作業系統需求設定 - 視實體電腦硬碟剩餘空間設定 --- ## 虛擬硬體設定 ![](https://i.imgur.com/0rbLtZj.png) 設定選項,可針對虛擬硬體進行設定 --- ### 一般 ![](https://i.imgur.com/V6cMXoR.png) - 基礎 - 針對虛擬機器資訊進行設定 ![](https://i.imgur.com/MD1aSNJ.png) - 進階 - 快照儲存位置 - 虛擬機狀態備份的儲存位置 - 共用剪貼簿 - 停用(實體機虛擬機無法共用) - 實體 -> 客體(實體機至虛擬機單向共用) - 客體 -> 實體(虛擬機至實體機單向共用) - 雙向(實體機虛擬機雙向共用) - 檔案拖放設定 - 停用(實體機虛擬機無法進行檔案拖放) - 實體 -> 客體(實體機至虛擬機單向傳輸) - 客體 -> 實體(虛擬機至實體機單向傳輸) - 雙向(實體機虛擬機雙向傳輸) --- ### 系統 針對電腦三大元件 CPU、主機板、記憶體進行設定 ![](https://i.imgur.com/O2hylCv.png) - 記憶體 - 記憶體大小設定 - 主機板 - 開機順序,相當於 BIOS 中選擇開機裝置順序 - 晶片組 - PIIX3 - 舊款晶片組,大約相當於90年代末期至2000年初期的技術 - 系統支援度較佳,但部分新系統不支援 - I/O 支援度及效能較差 - ICH9 - 新款晶片組,大約相當於2008年左右的 LGA775 主機板採用的技術 - 對於舊系統(Windows Vista 以前)支援度較差,部分系統有驅動程式可安裝 - I/O 支援度及效能較佳 :::info 安裝 Windows XP 以上為客體作業系統時,建議選擇 ICH9 以取得更好的 I/O 支援度及效能 ::: - I/O APIC - 新款中斷控制器 - 部分新系統要求啟用 - EFI - 新版 UEFI BIOS - 部分新款系統要求啟用 - 舊版系統不支援(Windows 7 x64 以下) ![](https://i.imgur.com/LTB0fUS.png) - 處理器 - 核心數量 - 請依照實體電腦的核心數及客體系統要求進行配置 - 建議不要超過實體核心的數量 - 執行上限 - 限制虛擬機可使用的資源上限 - PAE/NX - PAE 實體位置擴充 - 增加位址線,定址更大的記憶體空間 - CPU 在32位元作業系統下可定址到 64GB 記憶體空間 - NX 禁止執行位 - 處理器安全技術 - 防止部分緩衝區溢位攻擊 - 部分新系統要求啟用 - Nested VT-x/AMD-V - 嵌套虛擬化功能 - 虛擬機的處理器是否支援虛擬化技術 - 關係到是否可以在虛擬機中再開一層虛擬機 --- ### 顯示 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zgXAPlK.png) - 螢幕 - 視訊記憶體 - 螢幕數量 - 設定虛擬機使用的螢幕數量 - 縮放 - 顯示控制器 - VBoxVGA - 舊款控制器 - 提供舊款系統使用 - VMSVGA - VMware SVGA控制器 - VBoxSVGA - 新款圖形控制器 - 性能較好 - 提供 3D 支援 - 加速選項 - 3D 加速 - 針對 3D 圖形支援 - 部分功能及程式要求啟用(如 Windows Aero 特效) - 2D 圖形加速 - 新版本已取消 - 遠端顯示 - 提供遠端連線選項 - 錄影 --- ### 儲存 ![](https://i.imgur.com/VPQpM8n.png) - 控制器 - AHCI - SATA 控制器 - 目前多數硬碟、光碟機及部分固態硬碟採用的介面 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - 舊系統需安裝驅動 - PIIX4 - IDE 控制器 - 舊款硬碟及光碟機使用的介面 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - 與其餘兩種 IDE 控制器無效能差別 - 僅為保持相容性而區別 - PIIX3 - IDE 控制器 - 舊款硬碟及光碟機使用的介面 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - 與其餘兩種 IDE 控制器無效能差別 - 僅為保持相容性而區別 - ICH6 - IDE 控制器 - 舊款硬碟及光碟機使用的介面 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - 與其餘兩種 IDE 控制器無效能差別 - 僅為保持相容性而區別 - LsiLogic - SCSI 控制器 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - Windows Server 2003 自帶支援 - BusLogic - SCSI 控制器 - 可安裝光碟機及硬碟 - Windows 2000 / Windows NT 自帶支援 - i82078 - Floppy 軟碟控制器 - LsiLogic SAS - SAS 控制器 - 可安裝 SAS 硬碟及光碟機 - 伺服器較常見 - USB - NVMe - PCIe SSD 控制器 - virtio-scsi :::warning ### 儲存控制器建立規則 此規則與實體電腦規則相同 - IDE - 僅可有單個 IDE 控制器(主機板整合緣故) - IDE 排線單插槽可支援兩個裝置 - 單控制器可支援兩插槽 - 單條排線上有 Primary 及 Secondary - Floppy - 僅可有單個 i82078 控制器(主機板整合緣故) - 單控制器可支援單插槽 - 單插槽僅可支援兩台軟碟機 ::: --- ### 音效 ![](https://i.imgur.com/XVHocYB.png) - 音效控制器 - Intel HD Audio - 現行 Intel 主機板搭載的音效卡 - ICH AC97 - LGA775 年代主機板搭載的音效卡 - SoundBlaster 16 - 90年代聲霸音效卡 - 音效輸出(喇叭) - 音效輸入(麥克風或 Line In) --- ### 網路 ![](https://i.imgur.com/G8W6xAo.png) - 網路來源 - NAT - 透過實體機作為閘道上網,比實體機低一層 - 實體機不可連線到虛擬機(僅可虛擬機單向連線實體機) - 虛擬機器間不可互連 - 不可連線至與虛擬機同網段的主機 - Bridge Adapter(橋接介面卡) - 直接透過實體機所連接的路由器上網,與實體機同層 - 虛擬機可與實體機雙向互連 - 可連線至與實體機同網段的其他主機 - Internal Network - 僅提供虛擬機器間互連的內部隔離網路 - Host-Only Adapter - 通過 VirtualBox Host-Only Network 介面卡 - 提供虛擬機與實體機互連 - 提供虛擬機器間互連 - 網卡類型 - PCnet-PCI II - PCnet-FAST III - Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop - Intel PRO/1000 T Server - Intel PRO/1000 MT Server - Paravirtualized Network - MAC 位址 - 網卡實體 MAC 位址 - 線路已連接 - 連接埠轉發 - NAT 模式下,將本機電腦的連接埠對應到虛擬機的連接埠 --- ### 序列埠 ![](https://i.imgur.com/aLlFark.png) - COM Port 設定 - 依照裝置需求設定 --- ### USB ![](https://i.imgur.com/QBFkzaQ.png) - USB 控制器 - USB 1.1(OHCI) - USB 2.0(OHCI + EHCI) - 需安裝 VirtualBox Extension Pack - USB 3.0(xHCI) - 需安裝 VirtualBox Extension Pack --- ### 分享資料夾 ![](https://i.imgur.com/xdbIllp.png) - 設定虛擬機器與實體機器的共用資料夾 --- ### 使用者介面 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Krov054.png) - 虛擬機器視窗控制面板個人化設定 - 請依個人需求及習慣進行設定 --- ## 整合套件(Guest Addition)安裝 整合套件提供客體作業系統一些 VirtualBox 的整合服務驅動程式。 - 請依照下列截圖插入 Guest Addition 安裝光碟 - 按照客體作業系統類型選擇安裝檔類型 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ROGGaDU.jpg) 插入安裝光碟選項 ![](https://i.imgur.com/gv9GfEv.png) 安裝光碟內容,內含支援的客體作業系統安裝檔 :::warning Windows 僅支援 Windows NT 產品線,經測試可支援 Windows NT 3.0 以上版本,其餘舊款、基於 DOS 或 Windows 9x 版本,不支援 Guest Addition,需使用第三方驅動。 ::: --- - 報名驗證碼: oy1ikBV1mX

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