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    # 「透明、安全與合規:國泰中台微服務供應鏈安全治理的SBOM、CBOM與AIBOM新思維」 {%hackmd @coscup/announcement-2025 %} > 請從這裡開始 ## 1. AGENDA ### 微服務語境下的供應鏈安全量量 - 微服務時代,供應鏈是否已成為新的攻擊主戰場? - 當量子運算來襲,您現有的加密防線還足以抵擋嗎? - AI 模型,是否仍是您治理上的透明黑箱? - 如何達到隱私、安全與合規? ### 解讀微服務供應鏈的新思維 1. **從漏洞「斷鏈」到軟體組件「透明」** 2. **應對後量子衝擊,構築加密「韌性」** 3. **從 AI 模型「黑箱」到 AI 治理「可問責」** ### 整合與超越:打造金級安全新標準 - 開源規範 = 合規 × 競爭力 - Shift Left - Q & A --- ## 2. 全面因應之道:構建三大信任堡壘 **面對複合式威脅,我們該如何達成透明、安全與合規?** ### 2.1 可見性 - 每一個應用、加密演算法、AI 模型,其修改與查風險都必須是透明可見的。 ### 2.2 可控性 - 建立準則與原則,快速發現漏洞。 - 從被動修補轉為主動防禦與標準治理。 ### 2.3 可信賴性 - 滿足監管機關及嚴格**合規要求**。 - 建立客戶信任,確保企業長期穩定發展。 --- ## 3. 漏洞追蹤斷鏈 ### 遇到的痛點 - 例:公司爆發 **Log4Shell** 漏洞,上線系統哪些會受影響?哪些不會? ### 國泰新思維 — 從混亂到標準 - 在 CI/CD 流程中自動化產生 **SBOM**。 - 結合 **VEX**(Vulnerability Exploitability Exchange)應用。 - VEX 如智慧篩檢器,判斷哪些漏洞是真正威脅,哪些只是虛晃。 --- ## 4. 前情摘要 - 單純漏洞資訊量龐大,但在不同情境下威脅程度不同,有時不存在真實風險。 - 若漏洞功能未被使用,即使存在漏洞,也不會構成直接威脅。 ### VDR:漏洞掃描報告 - 常見的漏洞掃描文件。 - 包含漏洞、CVE、CVSS 評分、影響範疇及修補建議。 ### VEX:漏洞利用交換 - 說明漏洞元件在實際使用情境中的可利用性。 - 與供應商及行業共享可利用性狀態。 - 明確哪些漏洞會帶來風險,哪些不會。 ## 5. 後量子衝擊 ### 遇到的痛點 - 「負責內外交流的密碼套件,在未來 5-10 年內將無法再被信任。」 - 當量子運算能力到達臨界點,現有密碼演算法將面臨破解風險。 - 需要提早規劃與應對,避免未來陷入被動。 ### 國泰新思維 — 防患於未然 - 透過 **CBOM (Cryptography Bill of Materials)** 對密碼模組與演算法進行全盤盤點。 - 建立對時間與強度變遷的監測機制。 - 強調團隊在未來量子計算興起前的前瞻性佈局,確保在密碼技術上的「安全」與「合規」。 ## 6. 加密物料清單(CBOM) **Cryptography Bill of Materials** - SBOM 的衍生版本,更詳細地描述軟體中的加密元件及其特性。 - CBOM 列出軟體產品中使用的加密演算法和函式庫。 ### 組成 - 加密演算法 - 加密協議 - 金鑰長度及設定 - 加密函式庫及版本 ### 用途 - 提供清單,全面視覺化軟體產品的加密覆蓋度。 - 幫助評估加密演算法對量子運算的耐受性。 - 支援加密覆蓋度的策略性管理。 - **顯示不同加密模組及其使用的函式庫之間的依賴關係。** - 遵循與量子密碼標準一致。 # Open Source - CBOMkit ## 📖 解說 IBM 開發並釋出了 **CBOMkit**,直接基於 **CycloneDX** 格式的加密物料清單(CBOM),能進行提取、彙整、分析和管理。 主要目的: - 在開發流程中找出所使用或依賴的加密演算法 - 向使用者提供標準化且可重用的 CBOM **支援語言**:Java、Python **參考連結**:[https://research.ibm.com/blog/quantum-safe-cbomkit](https://research.ibm.com/blog/quantum-safe-cbomkit) --- ## 🔄 流程說明 1. **Source code** ➜ 經由 **CBOM Generator** 生成 CBOM 2. CBOM 可: - 透過 **CBOM Viewer** 進行可視化檢視 - 儲存至 **CBOM repository** 3. CBOM repository 與 **Crypto dependencies** 關聯 4. CBOM Viewer 可與 **Compliance Engine** 進行規範檢查 5. **SonarQube plugin** 也可輸出 CBOM --- ## 📊 Mermaid 流程圖 ```mermaid flowchart LR A[Source code] --> B[CBOM Generator] B --> C[CBOM] C --> D[CBOM Viewer] C --> E[CBOM repository] D --> F[Compliance Engine] E --> G[Crypto dependencies] B -.-> H[SonarQube plugin] style A fill:#d0e6f9,stroke:#036 style B fill:#f9f1d0,stroke:#630 style C fill:#fff,stroke:#333 style D fill:#d0f9e6,stroke:#063 style E fill:#f9d0d0,stroke:#600 style F fill:#e0d0f9,stroke:#306 style G fill:#f0e0c0,stroke:#640 style H fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#333 ``` ## 📌 AI 模型治理宣言區 ### 🚨 遇到的痛點 - 「雖然 AI 在生命週期成果層面,AI 模型表現出一致(看起來一樣),它也會出事。」 - 尤其是遇到**演算法透明度不足**、**演算法不可驗證**,甚至**違反規範與倫理**時,風險會更高。 --- ### 💡 國泰新思維 #### 打開黑箱 - 團隊可透過 **AI-BOM** 實現 AI 模型的全生命週期可見性,從訓練數據到模型部署,揭露清楚的資源與風險。 - **能見度與透明度**:確保模型透明、可理解、可追溯,並落實負責任的 **AI 治理** 與 **合規**。 --- ## 🤖 人工智慧物料清單(AI-BOM) ### 定義 AI Bill of Materials 用於描述人工智慧生命週期中所有資產的完整清單,涵蓋**模型**、**資料集**、**訓練流程**與**授權資訊**。 --- ### 🧩 組成 - **模型**:架構、超參數、演算法類型、來源等 - **資料集**:來源、標註方式、質量與偏差 - **訓練環境**:硬體環境、軟體版本、訓練時間 - **測試與驗證**:測試數據來源與測試結果 - **授權資訊**:涵蓋取得資源的使用條款與可回溯性 --- ### 🎯 用途 - 提供模型大小、訓練資料來源、訓練時間、授權票據等 - 治理推進的透明度與責任歸屬 - 評估 AI 系統的可重複性、品質與法規的適性 - 增進 AI 資產與資源的主治理 - 與 **EU AI Act** / **NIST AI** 等未來法規標準對齊 ## 🛡 治理框架 > 「面對微服務供應鏈問題,策略定方向、流程落實審查、執行層自動驗證 — 三層合力,才能真正做到透明、安全、合規。」 ### 三大面向 - **策略(OSPO)** - 制定策略 / 合規政策 - 法規對應 & 風險原則 - 回應社群規範 - **流程(OSRB)** - 元件審查與例外流程 - 建立 VEX 清單 - 風險分類與應對處置 - **執行(DevSecOps)** - 自動化生成 SBOM / CBOM / AIBOM - Policy-as-Code - 監控與維運 --- ## 🖥 微服務供應鏈 - 小規模試行 ### CI/CD Pipeline 流程 1. 開發人員提交 **Source Code** 2. 進行 **Build & Test** 3. 寫入 **SBOM 生成** 4. 推送至 Registry 5. 進行 **Security Scan** 6. 驗證 **Hash** 與 **Chain Update** 7. 發佈部署 **使用開源工具:** - syft - VEX - dependency-track - GUAC - PQCA/cbomkit - Aetheris AI --- ```mermaid flowchart LR A[Developer Commit] --> B[Build & Test] B --> C[SBOM Gen] C --> D[Push to Registry] D --> E[Security Scan] E --> F[Chain Update & Hash Verify] F --> G[Deploy] subgraph Open Source Tools H[syft] I[VEX] J[dependency-track] K[GUAC] L[PQCA/cbomkit] M[Aetheris AI] end C --> H C --> I C --> J C --> K C --> L C --> M ``` ⚖ 開源規範 = 合規 × 競爭力 監管要求 行政命令 (EO 14028) ISO 27001 NIST SP 800-218 資訊服務管理規範 (CNSA 2.0) 歐盟人工智慧法案 (EU AI Act) 金管會 公共內容規範 --- 導入 Open Source 整合 CI/CD 自動生成各類物料清單 (BOM) 導入 OWASP 與 CycloneDX 規範 支援 SBOM / CBOM / AIBOM --- 競爭力 軟體成分完整透明 格式統一 --- ## ⚖ 開源規範 = 合規 × 競爭力 ### 📜 監管要求 - 行政命令 (EO 14028) - ISO 27001 - NIST SP 800-218 - 資訊服務規範 (CNSA 2.0) - 歐盟人工智慧法案 (EU AI Act) - 金管會 - 公共內容規範 --- ### 🛠 導入 Open Source - 整合 CI/CD 自動生成各類物料清單(BOM) - 導入 OWASP 與 CycloneDX 規範 - 支援 SBOM / CBOM / AIBOM --- ### 🚀 競爭力 - 軟體成分完整透明 - 格式統一 - 加速漏洞清查與修補 - 支援 AI 相關法令追蹤 --- ### 🔍 驗證 & 維運(Future) **為什麼要做?** - BOM 需隨版本更新並立即修改 - 資產來源可追溯,確保完整性 - 部署前自動驗證,避免帶有漏洞的版本上線 **採用工具:** - sigstore cosign(簽署與驗證) - 特性: - ✅ 可追溯 - ✅ 可驗證 - ✅ 不被異動 --- ## 🏗 建立 BOM 流程不只是一開始 ### 1. Shift-Left - 將 BOM 植入開發流程 - 可及早檢測與監控供應鏈的開源組件與潛在漏洞 ### 2. Runtime - 已上線部署的 BOM 管理 - 是持續保護線上服務的關鍵,需納入運行期評估 ### 3. 資料安全 - BOM 文件包含有關軟體組件的詳細信息 - 資料必須保持機密性與安全性 -------------- ## SBOM - log4j / xz - Solution: CICD 產 SBOM + [VEX](https://cyclonedx.org/capabilities/vex/) - vdr (漏洞揭露報告) + vex (漏洞利用交換) - https://owasp.org/blog/2023/02/07/vdr-vex-comparison - https://blog.adolus.com/what-is-vex-and-what-does-it-have-to-do-with-sboms - syft (產sbom) + vex ## CBOM - PQC / CNSA 2.0 - 2030 後都要使用 PQC https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/zh/news/6111209 - SBOM 的擴充, 1.6+ 之後 - CBOMKit 使用 cyclonedx 格式 - https://github.com/PQCA/cbomkit ## AIBOM - OpenSource AI Model - 對其 EU AI Act / NIST AI - Aetheris AI - AI SBOM Generator - CycloneDX 格式 可抓 Hugging Face - SaaS 服務 ## DevSecOps - survey cosign 中 ## OSSIE ###### tags: `COSCUP2025`, `zhtw`, `intermediate`

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