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# 5/24 SRE 讀書會共筆 --- 場地提供:PIXNET - 誠徵 [SRE 服務可靠度工程師](https://gist.github.com/jnlin/8329bea1c1ed92a1924da7e032304261),有興趣的朋友可聯繫 applyjob@pixnet.tw # SRE 參與模型的演進過程 by 小明 ## 維運前與維運後 * SRE 是開發前進入專案,還是開發後才進入專案? * 維運的優先順序? * 越早越好 (多早?) * Google 設計了一個 Model 來處理這個問題 ## PRR model * 製造業的 PRR (看不懂...) * 軟體業的 PRR * 越晚參加,維運的成本越高 ## SRE 參加專案的時候要作什麼? * 了解系統架構與服務相依性 * 監控方式:指標定義與量測方法 * 如何救火!! (RD要進來) * Capacity planning * 開發時期與流量進來的時候,會不會有問題 * 變更管理 * 效能調校 ### SRE什麼都要會,什麼都要管 * RD人數 >> SRE人數 * 排除高可靠度與非高可用性的服務 * 文件 * 諮詢工作 * 小服務:上線前建議 * 大服務或大怪物:長期支援 ### 問題:在大家的公司,SRE 與 RD 如何對話? ## PRR for SRE * 條件 * 該服務值得 SRE 支援 * SRE 團隊和研發團隊同意人力調動 * PRR 目標 * 確認符合正式環境的佈署和維運方式 * 確認 PO 需要與 SRE 共事 * SRE 提供經驗與建議 * 提升服務可靠度 * 最小化可預期的問題與影響程度 * PRR 模型 * Simple PRR Model * Early Engagement Model ## Simple PRR Model * 初期參與 * 由管理階層決定 1~3 位 SRE 參與 * 建立 SLO/SLA * 可能需要執行破壞性設計變更計畫 * 制定交接計畫與培訓計畫 * 分析 * 很重要且為主要項目 * SRE 需要了解該服務,並提供缺陷分析 * 確保遵循正式環境的實踐規範並製作檢核表 * 培訓 * Design overview * 深入探討系統中各項處理流程 * 了解正式系統佈署設定 * 練習各式維運狀況 * 改進/重購 * 依照影響而制定優先順序 * 與研發團隊討論,協商,取得共識 * 重購與功能改善 * 接手維運 * SRE 逐漸取得服務維運權限 * 研發團隊當 SRE 團隊之後備支援及提供建議 * 持續改進 * SRE配合新功能、新需求、技術升級等維持服務可靠度 * 緊急事件處理、事後檢討(學習成長紀錄)、根源問題分析 * 回饋研發團隊、紀錄文件 ### 限制與成本 * 適合已進入發行階段之服務 * 團隊之間額外的溝通成本 * SRE 須在原本任務下,另外參與PRR流程 * SRE 成為研發團隊之一份子,而非外部參與單位 * SRE 因於後期加入,維護成本比較高 -> Early Engagement Model ## Early Engagement Model * 初期確定服務重要性與商業價值 * 該服務的功能,將成為原系統的一部分 * 進行原系統重寫或替代品 * 研發團隊曾尋求 SRE 建議,或後期給 SRE 接管 ### 服務生命週期各階段 * 設計階段:預防勝於治療 * 開發及建置:SRE 提早取得為運經驗 * 上線:導入部分流量到新服務 * 上線之後:SRE 早期參與經驗可幫助重購或重新設計 * 從服務脫離:服務足夠可靠、穩定或服務未能達到預估需要 SRE 長期參與之服務水平 ### Lessons Learn / External Factors * Lessons Learn * Project vs PRR vs SRE,SRE 人數永遠不夠,優先順序很重要 * Code 沒有被重複使用 * 重複出現類似的問題,無法自動化或正式修復 * SRE 的貢獻再不同專案的方式不盡相同 * External Factors * 服務、專案變多,SRE 需要更多人手 * 不易尋找到合適的 SRE * 培訓 SRE 所需時間比一般 RD 更長 ### 解決方案 * Codified best pratices * Reusable solutions * A common production platform with acommon control surface * 統一介面、監控、Log及服務設定 * Easier automation and smarter systems ### 框架優點 * 降低維運開銷 * 使用框架、通用平台如同 SRE 直接支援 * 更快、更低的參與成本 * 一種分擔責任的新模型 * SRE 專注於底層架構 * 研發團隊負責服務功能問題 Q: SRE 人力有限,如何支援這麼多不同的團隊 PIXNET 經驗分享: * 我們的 SRE 支援會有比例限制,不可能讓 SRE 全部的工時都拿去支援其他團隊,而忽略的本職工作。 * 支援其他團隊會由固定人員擔任窗口,然後回來會與其他 SRE 共享資訊。 John 經驗分享: * 還是要早期預防勝於治療 * SRE 的人才還是難找,因為需要不只一個領域的知識與經驗 * 聽過有公司的 SRE 會分四個面向 infra、release、monitoring、on-call * SRE 也許可以成為 RD 與其他工程領域之間的潤滑劑(中間人) * 瑞男: * 相對於 RD,SRE 確實比較難找到合適的人才。 * 又要願意 on-call、又要懂廣泛領域。 * 做產品的公司,SRE 是重要的基石。 * 好的 RD 不會被工具綁住,非使用某種技術不可,而是解決問題導向,因此 SRE 越早參與架構是有意義的,因為可以早點取得共識。 正瑋: * 在 Effective DevOps 書中也有提到,跨團隊溝通時,單一窗口是很重要的,減少溝通成本。 Rick: * 工作推進一定是不同團隊皆同時並進的,對其一致的目標,思考在每個時間點各自可以做些什麼事情,不會說 RD 在開階段時,其他團隊沒事幹都在爽。 # Ch 33 其他產業的實務經驗 by Rick ## 不同的行業如何對待可靠性? ### Google 其他背景的 SRE * 很多種不同背景,核電、航空、醫療⋯⋯ ### 警急事件反應代表以下 * 紮實的基本功 - 原理 * 平常的訓練 - 紮實度 * 訓練很重要,舉例:滑雪教練,滑雪並不是一個安全的環境,因此要先讓學員有安心感,營造一個安全的環境。 * 日本人從小就有防震演練,其中當然也有文化因素,因此全民都具備此種意識。 * 你有危機意識嗎? * 你的電腦有在備份嗎? * 你有保險嗎? * 事件當下的反應 * 過往的經驗 * 態度 重點:預防勝於治療 * 你有危機意識嗎?你有在「預防」嗎? * 樂團就是一種 Live,一個人出包,音樂就毀了(類比 SRE、Ops 工作) * 如果在演奏中間吉他斷弦了,音樂是中斷?還是有辦法繼續演奏讓表演繼續下去? * 臨危不亂、組員彼此信任⋯⋯ 災難的預備與演練 * 不能把願望當成一種策略 * SRE 文化 * 如何模擬正式環境進行演練 決策的過程要理性化、標準化 * 決策基本方向是事前決定的 * 決策考慮的信息是清楚的 * 任何假設都應該事先說明 * 數據驅動決策 (補充:你能多理性取決你擁有多少知識與經驗) 結論: * SRE 的思想在很多行業都可以獲得驗證 # Ch 34 總結 by Rick 軟體是有機的,是會成長,也會產生垃圾。

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