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    # 剪枝 ### 題目:給n件物品,每件重量不同,可分給任意個人(>=2),但是每個人的重量要一樣,求平分後的最小重量 ### 分析: 1. 假設能平分的最小重量為w,則sum必是w的倍數 **sum % w == 0** 2. w不能小於最大的元素,因為這樣就放不下了 **i >= max_element(W[i])** 3. w不可超過sum/2,因為這樣就只會被分成一堆 **w <= sum/2** 4. 為了節省速度,有大的就先取大的,大的不夠再拿小的來補 **sort(all(w),vector<>())** 依據上面的推斷,可以在這些範圍內枚舉 ```cpp= sort(all(w),greater<>()); for(int i=w[0];i<=sum/2;i++){ if(sum%i) continue; if(dfs(...)){ cout << i << '\n'; break; } } ``` 接著進今天的主題:**剪枝** 在枚舉的時候有以下幾點可以直接略過,以加快dfs的速度 1. 不用把各堆物品的數量記起來,一次只配一個,配完再換下一個 2. 每次尋找新的堆時,先用最大的,再去尋找能與它配對成maxW的其他重量 3. 如果當前重量已經匹配過的話就不能再給別人了 4. 如果當前重量和前一個相同時,前一個沒有選代表了不是一個合法的解,選當前重量也就沒意義 5. 如果當前重量加上w_i會超重的話,不合法 6. 最後檢查如果剩餘重量等於當前遍歷到的重量時,就直接return false,因為此時是最佳解,不合法的話代表後面也不會有合法的答案 7. 如果完成匹配,所有遞迴都直接return ```cpp= int used[MAXN],w[MAXN],total,maxW; bool dfs(int W,int complete,int now){ //(1) W為當前配了多重,complete為配完幾組,now為現在遍歷的節點編號 if(W==maxW){ //匹配完一組的時候 complete++; //完成的配對數+1 if(complete==total) return true; //(7) 完成匹配 else{ for(now=0;used[now];now++); //(2) 先用最大的 used[now]=true; if(dfs(w[now],complete,now+1)) return true; //找到解直接回傳 used[now]=false; } }else{ for(int i=now;i<n;i++){ //遍歷每個節點 if(used[i] || (i && !used[i-1] && w[i-1]==w[i]) || W+w[i]>maxW) continue; //(3) (4) (5) 避免不必要的遞迴 used[i]=true; if(dfs(W+w[i],complete,i+1)) return true; //找到解直接回傳 used[i]=false; if(W+w[i]==maxW) return false; //(6) } } return false; } ``` for迴圈要更新maxW及total: ```cpp= for(int i=w[0];i<=sum/2;i++){ if(sum%i) continue; maxW=i,total=sum/i; if(dfs(0,0,0)){ cout << i << '\n'; return; } } ``` <a href="https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=d785">d785: 二、正邊形</a> ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end() #define mem(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a)) #define MAXN 100 using namespace std; int a[MAXN],maxW,n,m,N; bool used[MAXN]; bool dfs(int w,int cnt,int now){ if(w==maxW){ cnt++; if(cnt==m) return true; else{ for(now=0;used[now];now++); used[now]=true; if(dfs(a[now],cnt,now+1)) return true; used[now]=false; } }else{ for(int i=now;i<n;i++){ if(used[i] || (a && a[i-1]==a[i] && !used[i-1]) || w+a[i]>maxW) continue; used[i]=true; if(dfs(w+a[i],cnt,i+1)) return true; used[i]=false; if(w+a[i]==maxW) return false; } } return false; } int main(){ cin.sync_with_stdio(0),cin.tie(0); cin >> N; while(N--){ cin >> m >> n; mem(used); int sum=0; for(int i=0;i<n;i++){ cin >> a[i]; sum+=a[i]; } sort(a,a+n,greater<int>()); if(sum%m){ cout << 0 << '\n'; continue; } maxW=sum/m; if(dfs(0,0,0)) cout << 1 << '\n'; else cout << 0 << '\n'; } } ```

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