I/O and Network

# I/O and Network ## General I/O ```@docs Base.STDOUT Base.STDERR Base.STDIN Base.open Base.IOBuffer Base.take!(::Base.AbstractIOBuffer) Base.fdio Base.flush Base.close Base.write Base.read Base.read! Base.readbytes! Base.unsafe_read Base.unsafe_write Base.position Base.seek Base.seekstart Base.seekend Base.skip Base.mark Base.unmark Base.reset Base.ismarked Base.eof Base.isreadonly Base.iswritable Base.isreadable Base.isopen Base.Serializer.serialize Base.Serializer.deserialize Base.Grisu.print_shortest Base.fd Base.redirect_stdout Base.redirect_stdout(::Function, ::Any) Base.redirect_stderr Base.redirect_stderr(::Function, ::Any) Base.redirect_stdin Base.redirect_stdin(::Function, ::Any) Base.readchomp Base.truncate Base.skipchars Base.DataFmt.countlines Base.PipeBuffer Base.readavailable Base.IOContext Base.IOContext(::IO, ::Pair) Base.IOContext(::IO, ::IOContext) ``` ## Text I/O ```@docs Base.show(::Any) Base.showcompact Base.showall Base.summary Base.print Base.println Base.print_with_color Base.info Base.warn Base.logging Base.Printf.@printf Base.Printf.@sprintf Base.sprint Base.showerror Base.dump Base.readstring Base.readline Base.readuntil Base.readlines Base.eachline Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any, ::Char, ::Type, ::Char) Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any, ::Char, ::Char) Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any, ::Char, ::Type) Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any, ::Char) Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any, ::Type) Base.DataFmt.readdlm(::Any) Base.DataFmt.writedlm Base.DataFmt.readcsv Base.DataFmt.writecsv Base.Base64.Base64EncodePipe Base.Base64.Base64DecodePipe Base.Base64.base64encode Base.Base64.base64decode Base.displaysize ``` ## Multimedia I/O Just as text output is performed by [`print`](@ref) and user-defined types can indicate their textual representation by overloading [`show`](@ref), Julia provides a standardized mechanism for rich multimedia output (such as images, formatted text, or even audio and video), consisting of three parts: * A function [`display(x)`](@ref) to request the richest available multimedia display of a Julia object `x` (with a plain-text fallback). * Overloading [`show`](@ref) allows one to indicate arbitrary multimedia representations (keyed by standard MIME types) of user-defined types. * Multimedia-capable display backends may be registered by subclassing a generic `Display` type and pushing them onto a stack of display backends via [`pushdisplay`](@ref). The base Julia runtime provides only plain-text display, but richer displays may be enabled by loading external modules or by using graphical Julia environments (such as the IPython-based IJulia notebook). ```@docs Base.Multimedia.display Base.Multimedia.redisplay Base.Multimedia.displayable Base.show(::Any, ::Any, ::Any) Base.Multimedia.mimewritable Base.Multimedia.reprmime Base.Multimedia.stringmime ``` As mentioned above, one can also define new display backends. For example, a module that can display PNG images in a window can register this capability with Julia, so that calling [`display(x)`](@ref) on types with PNG representations will automatically display the image using the module's window. In order to define a new display backend, one should first create a subtype `D` of the abstract class `Display`. Then, for each MIME type (`mime` string) that can be displayed on `D`, one should define a function `display(d::D, ::MIME"mime", x) = ...` that displays `x` as that MIME type, usually by calling [`reprmime(mime, x)`](@ref). A `MethodError` should be thrown if `x` cannot be displayed as that MIME type; this is automatic if one calls [`reprmime`](@ref). Finally, one should define a function `display(d::D, x)` that queries [`mimewritable(mime, x)`](@ref) for the `mime` types supported by `D` and displays the "best" one; a `MethodError` should be thrown if no supported MIME types are found for `x`. Similarly, some subtypes may wish to override [`redisplay(d::D, ...)`](@ref Base.Multimedia.redisplay). (Again, one should `import Base.display` to add new methods to `display`.) The return values of these functions are up to the implementation (since in some cases it may be useful to return a display "handle" of some type). The display functions for `D` can then be called directly, but they can also be invoked automatically from [`display(x)`](@ref) simply by pushing a new display onto the display-backend stack with: ```@docs Base.Multimedia.pushdisplay Base.Multimedia.popdisplay Base.Multimedia.TextDisplay Base.Multimedia.istextmime ``` ## Memory-mapped I/O ```@docs Base.Mmap.Anonymous Base.Mmap.mmap(::Any, ::Type, ::Any, ::Any) Base.Mmap.mmap(::Any, ::BitArray, ::Any, ::Any) Base.Mmap.sync! ``` ## Network I/O ```@docs Base.connect(::TCPSocket, ::Integer) Base.connect(::AbstractString) Base.listen(::Any) Base.listen(::AbstractString) Base.getaddrinfo Base.getsockname Base.IPv4 Base.IPv6 Base.nb_available Base.accept Base.listenany Base.Filesystem.poll_fd Base.Filesystem.poll_file Base.Filesystem.watch_file Base.bind Base.send Base.recv Base.recvfrom Base.setopt Base.ntoh Base.hton Base.ltoh Base.htol Base.ENDIAN_BOM ```

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