IP-OS - HackMD

# IP-OS ### the interplanetary operating system `a mad science grab bag` Martin Becze - @wanderer --- ## The File System ### Reading `ipfs mount` `cd /ipfs/<hash>` ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { nodesep=.5 // increases the separation between nodes node [color=purple,fontname=Courier,shape=box] //All nodes will this shape and colour edge [color=Blue, style=solid] //All the lines look like this root->{QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8ZS hash1 hashN} QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8ZS->{file1 file2} hashN } ``` --- ## The File System ### Running `ipfs add -r /bin/` `/ipfs/<hash>/<program>` --- ### Writing https://github.com/ipfs/faq/issues/64  `cd /ipfs/`  `touch hello.txt` `echo "hello world" >> hello.text`  where is the hash? --- ## Mounting Individual Roots ``` mount /ipfs/QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8ZS ~/Music ```  ``` cd ~Music && wget https://lolz.com/all_your_music_belongs_to_us-1997.mp3 ```  where is the hash?  --- ### utils pwd - **p**rint **w**orking **d**irectory POSIX C functions getcwd() or getwd() --- ### utils pwdh - **p**rint **w**orking **d**irectory **h**ash POSIX C functions ??? --- ### IPNS ``` mount /ipns/QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8ZS ~/Music ```  - a public key is a read capability  - writable if we have the write capability (private key)  --- ## Multiple IPNS identities fine grain control over sharing sub-graphs (aka folders) ``` cd ~Music mkLink --ipns > /ipns/QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8Z ```  ``` mkLink . > `/ipns/Qmf8xbzdSi3xbqZHnDtSnwk8dfmgBmNCrV6jYeKtCG2x4` ```  ``` `lsLink .` > `QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8Z` > `Qmf8xbzdSi3xbqZHnDtSnwk8dfmgBmNCrV6jYeKtCG2x4` ```  `rmLink` revokes a capability to read --- ## Linking Link to my friends music into my local Music folder `ln -s /ipns/QmP9STVxFdBAdTfWGQHC45mZgBTWPL1gH9M5urzQchd8Z ~/Music/friends/brad` `cd ~Music/friends/brad` `/<ipfs hash>/ipfs/<friends_folder_hash>/<ipns links>/` --- ## Flexible Link Handlers `ipfs rm -r ~/Music/dont share` ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { nodesep=1.0 // increases the separation between nodes node [color=purple,fontname=Courier,shape=box] edge [color=Blue, style=solid] //All the lines look like this Music->{"dont share" hash1 hashN} "dont share"->{file1 file2} hashN } ``` --- ## What is WebAssembly? > WebAssembly or wasm is a new, portable, size- and load-time-efficient binary format that aims to execute at native speed by taking advantage of common hardware capabilities available on a wide range of platforms. --- ## What is WebAssembly? - Fast & Efficient  - Secure Sandbox  - Toolchain Compatibility  - Extensible  - The Combined Powers of the Web!<br>![](https://i.imgur.com/Av9JHNY.gif) --- ## The Extensible Web Manifesto - Contain new security surface area. - Reduce the rate of growth in complexity, and therefore bugs, in implementations. - Allow browser vendors and library authors to iterate on libraries that provide developer-friendly, high-level APIs. --- ## What we face today ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1zUNIkJgooMP0jVbasWVUGKXgA-BRi7F5ANuNC3AKP_U/pub?w=787&h=359) --- ## What we face today - SHA1 - EC arithmetic - BN arithmetic - pairing functions --- ## What we face today Big Trusted Computing bases are really bad for symmetric computation platform --- ## The Extendable Future ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1AOV5J2tKJjh_KXnkozmv7eZbpbwM68-kYC6fYbWryCw/pub?w=960&h=720) --- ## IPLD & Translators > A translator is simply a normal program acting as an object server and participating in the Hurd's distributed virtual file system. It is so-called because it typically exports a file system [...] and thus translates object --- ## IPLD & Translators ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { rankdir=LR; data -> Translator Translator->Vertex data [shape=Mdiamond]; Vertex [shape=Msquare]; } ``` --- >Another way of putting it is that it translates from one representation of a data structure into another representation - IPLD modules are Translators  - If you wrote IPLD translators WASM...  - Only have to implement one Translators for all implementations - Translaters themselves could be resolved by IPFS - less dependencies in implementations - More modularity overall - Implemented In userspace  --- ## Example: Ethereum ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { node [color=purple,fontname=Courier,shape=box] edge [color=Blue, style=solid] //All the lines look like this Block->{"prev Block" accounts transaction} accounts -> {account1 account2 accountN} accountN -> {nonce balance storage} storage -> {key1 key2 keyn} accountN [color=red,fontname=Courier,shape=box] } ``` https://github.com/ipld/js-ipld-eth-block --- ## What if Ethereum contracts where just programs in a general purpose OS backed by a content addressable file system? --- ## What do we want from a userspace? - run symmetric computations (ie Blockchain)  - Deterministic by default - sandboxed - reuse legacy programs written in C/C++  - simple and well specified  --- ## Linux - complicated - not completely determistic - sandboxed is not the default - subgraph & qubes OS --- ## Actor Model ![](https://blog.geist.no/content/images/2015/02/actors.png) - Each contract or program is an Actor or Servers running in a Microkernel - Easy to sandbox --- ## bigraphs ![](https://ipfs.pics/ipfs/Qmewocv1jMHuX2okfR83DzUtJARzXFGRHHzm6JfFLaLeCj) - Forest is the place graph, which is the Merkle DAG - Hypergraph/link graph is the channels of communication between the actors - Robin Milner --- # bigraphs ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1Ine6F7I5PybRcArOf-GyVgunx2uxykFEczVFhfg7-sE/pub?w=794&h=511) --- ## Micro-kernel > a microkernel (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS) --- ## Ethereum Big ball of mud ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1wZYjxV-ZTXrkfimKkcAUQ11vti8xv-wcglNnOXBArAs/pub?w=960&h=720) --- ## Modular Ethereum ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1f87beiJ7VakT9ififzN0f_NMO6UAOTdmDPSBioVXato/pub?w=960&h=720) --- ## Modular Ethereum ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1yquesWIOFG_sTMYypVMZsO2GbfhQy4uKRRCJD6as9EY/pub?w=653&h=544) - github.com/ewasm/ewasm-kernel --- ## Modular Ethereum - modularity is important!  - Conway's law "organizations which design systems ... are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations"  --- ## Vertices are programs > A server responds to requests by client to navigate the hierarchy, and to create, remove, read, and write vertices [...] Another possibility for a server is to synthesize vertices on demand, perhaps based on information on data structures inside the kernel [...] User programs can also act as servers. - Plan9 Manual --- ## Everything is File - Everything is a Vertex - has a VALUE - and EDGES --- ## Everything is File - Everything is a Vertex - has a VALUE = code - and EDGES = ports --- ## System API - get and set ports - store and retrieve values --- ## Inter-Process Communication - channels - lines of communication - ports - the internal name for a channel that each program has - duplex, read-only, write-only --- ## Capabilities - Ports have two capabilities - read - write - Delegatable - a Merkle link is a read-only capability - http://cap-lore.com/ - http://erights.org/ --- ## Messages - Atomic - Non-Atomic - scalability / cross-shard communication - unforgeable - from - to - immutable payload --- # ubiquitous systems ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Green500_evolution.svg/1440px-Green500_evolution.svg.png) - pushes computation to the edges - Internet of tooster-ovens! --- # ubiquitous systems > Such a system, or its component agents, will be self-aware, posses beliefs about their environments, posses goals, enter negotiation to achieve goals, and be able to adapt to changing circumstances without human intervention. - Robin Milner --- # ubiquitous systems - computation systems made to appear anytime and everywhere - omnipresent - pushes computation to the edges - Homogenesis Operating system - not necessarily a singleton! --- ## What would this look like? ![](https://ipfs.pics/ipfs/QmbaTTVDW9c3cS3qiEp2qBQT2tAGFGF5qY9ZDEGBmCkxg2) --- ## What would this look like? ![](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/16j8TNjDPMr0zYmCF1ex9FFWOfyUmaRLurihnxN4bXXw/pub?w=674&h=384) --- ## How to get there. - Practical over perfect  - Embrace Iteration (everything is a prototype)  - Keep it modular and follow the UNIX philosophy  - Be your own core dev!

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