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# 何謂運算式(Expression)與陳述式(Statement)? +++ title = "何謂運算式( Expression )與陳述式( Statement )?" description = "「已讀不回」還是「熱情回應」?" author = "POPEYE" date = "2021-12-20" tags = ["JavaScript", "運算式", "陳述式","Expression","Statement"] categories = ["JavaScript"] [[images]] src = "img/2021/ExpressionStatement.jpg" alt = "何謂運算式(Expression)與陳述式(Statement)?" +++ ![](https://i.imgur.com/uHRcIGn.jpg) 電腦程式是由一堆命令電腦執行的「指示」所構成。就像人類日常溝通的語言,不同的語言有不同的文法結構;在不同的程式語言,指示電腦執行命令的語法也不相同,程式語言的文法稱為 syntax ,一個程式語言要能運作一定要按照規定的 syntax 來寫。 JavaScript的語法可以分成兩種: - 陳述式( Statement ) - 表達式( Expression ),也被稱為表示式或運算式。 ## 陳述式 MDN 對於陳述式( Statement )的定義: > **陳述式與宣告** JavaScript 應用程式由**適當的陳述式**組成。一個單一的陳述式可以跨用好幾行。 多個陳述式也可以藉由分號分隔來寫在同一行。 這不是一個關鍵字,而是一群關鍵字。 > 這段字每個字都看得懂,但是組在一起卻像是文言文,讓人看好幾次,還是一頭霧水。 讓我吃掉哆啦A夢的翻譯年糕來解釋一下,陳述式就是由一些程式碼所組成的指示,最重要的是**陳述式執行後,不會回傳結果**。像是變數的宣告... 簡單來說,就是陳述式(Statement)所傳的訊息,都被瀏覽器「已讀不回」。 陳述式常見的類型: - 宣告(var、let及const) - 流程控制:如if...else....、switch ...等等 - 迴圈 - 函式(function) - 區塊(block) - 其他 我們繼續用《射鵰英雄歪傳》來模擬陳述式的運作: 有一天歐陽克想要約黃蓉吃飯,古代可能要飛鴿傳書,現代則只要傳 Line,但是結果都是一樣的,鴿子被射下來烤乳鴿,傳 Line 被蓉妹「已讀不回」。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/1eHJJIy.png) 讓我們把上面的對話寫成JavaScript的程式碼,在瀏覽器的console視窗測試一下,看看會有甚麼結果: ![](https://i.imgur.com/M8iU3Vm.png) 以上的那些程式碼都是陳述式(Statement),都對瀏覽器做了某些指示,但是執行完畢,沒有回傳任何數值。所以上面那張圖裡面說了一大串,但是圖的最下面只跑出了undefined。 不過最後的if(…)那邊有貓膩喔?這點我在運算式的部分再深入解釋。 ## **運算式**(Expression) Expression ,中文有人翻譯成表達式、表示式或運算式,MDN 的定義如下: > **運算式** 運算式是任何一段可以取得一個值的程式碼。 任何合乎語法的運算式都能取得一個值,概念上, 有兩種不同型態的運算式: 有副作用的 (例如: 將一個值指定給一個變數) 以及只為了取得值而解析的運算式。 > 上面那段話最重要的地方就是**「任何一段可以取得一個值的程式碼」,運算式(Expression)執行後一定會回傳一個值**。這也是**運算式**( Expression )與陳述式( Statement )最大的不同。 在這裡繼續用《射鵰英雄歪傳》來模擬運算式的運作(筆者一定要這樣亂入嗎???): 運算式就像是郭靖傳Line約黃蓉吃飯一樣,戀情正火熱燒著,就算是吃滷肉飯,黃蓉也會秒回答應!!不會「已讀不回」! ![](https://i.imgur.com/4uzoCDM.png) 在這裡也讓我們用console來模擬一下上面那一串對話: ![](https://i.imgur.com/7e9P8tF.png) 比較需要注意的是if(…)的(…),需要布林值 true 、 false 來判斷條件會不會成立,所以(...)裡面會放運算式( Expression ),但 if (…){…} 這段程式碼本身是陳述句,不會回傳任何值,也無法將它賦值給變數。 ```jsx if (condition){ //statement1 } else{ statement2 }; ``` 由此可知運算式可能會混在陳述式之中,例如變數宣告本身式陳述式,但是 = 號右側的部分卻屬於運算式。 要注意的是,我們這一段 if (...) 述句,執行之後雖然在 console 視窗下出現結果,不過那不是回傳一個值(存在記憶體中),而是執行了 console.log() 印出的指令,印在 console 視窗上,這一個小小的坑在我剛學 JavaScript 時困惑了一陣子。 而且該放陳述式的地方是不允許放運算式的,例如 if (…) 的 (…) 裡面如果是陳述式,if述句就不知道該怎麼執行了。所以在一個會產生值的地方,是不能放入陳述式( Statement )。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/bNE5NxC.png) 最後整理一下重點: JavaScript 的語法可以分為兩種,分別是陳述式( Statement )與運算式( Expression ),兩者的區分如下: - 陳述式( Statement )會執行一個指令,產生一個動作,但是不會回傳一個「值」。(已讀不回)。 - 運算式( Expression )會回傳一個值。 - 陳述式( Statement )中可以放入運算式來進行判斷,但是預期要放入運算式( Expression )的地方,也就是預期會產生一個值的地方,不能放入陳述式。 我是初踏入前端領域的老學徒,如果有寫錯的地方還請大家包涵與指正,謝謝大家! 參考資料 [重讀 Axel 的 Javascript 中的 Expression vs Statement 一文](https://andyyou.github.io/2016/03/06/expressions-vs-statements-in-js/) [Day16 函式陳述句與函式表示式](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10192146?sc=pt) [https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_statements.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_statements.asp) [JavaScript 表達式觀念及運用 - JS Expression](https://wcc723.github.io/development/2020/09/17/js-expression/) [JavaScript 核心篇 學習筆記: Chap.17 — 陳述式與表達式](https://medium.com/@yining1204/javascript-%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E7%AF%87-%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98-chap-17-%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%B0%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%87%E8%A1%A8%E9%81%94%E5%BC%8F-c51f4b395180) [JS 原力覺醒 Day07 - 陳述式 表達式](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10218937)

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