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    # Pendle 本文整理自Dapplearning开源大学关于Pendle部分分享 视频内容详情[B站1](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WC411G77T) [Youtube1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQb9DLmWHWM&t=2450s) [B站2](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11n4y1974n) [Youtube2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOAty55-MMM) ### 概述 Pendle 是一个创新的 DeFi 协议,专注于收益代币化(Yield Tokenization)和收益交易(Yield Trading),也可以理解为一种“收益期货市场”。简单来说就是Pendle 允许用户将其质押资产未来的收益分离出来进行交易,从而实现更灵活的收益管理和投机 在 Pendle 中,质押资产被拆分为两种代币: | 类型 | 名称 | 功能 | |------|------|------| | **PT (Principal Token)** | 本金代币 | 代表原始资产本身,到期时可赎回全部本金 | | **YT (Yield Token)** | 收益代币 | 代表未来到期前可获得的收益(如质押奖励、利息等) | 举个例子: 如果你持有 stETH,你可以通过 Pendle 把它拆成: - **PT-stETH**:本金(代表 stETH 本身) - **YT-stETH**:收益(未来某段时间内这部分 stETH 产生的利息) **核心功能** 1. **收益分离(Yield Tokenization)** 任何支持的质押资产都可以拆成 PT + YT 两部分。 2. **收益交易(Yield Trading)** - **买入 YT**:你可以“赌”收益会上升,从而获得更高年化收益(APY)。 - **卖出 YT**:你可以锁定当前收益(相当于提前“兑现”收益)。 3. **流动性提供(LP Farming)** Pendle 为 PT 和 YT 分别开设 AMM(自动做市商)市场,LP 可以赚取交易费和激励。 4. **到期赎回** 到期后,PT 持有者可赎回本金,YT 归零。 **SY** 在 DeFi 生态中,不同的收益资产有不同的结构,比如: • stETH 的利息是以质押形式持续增长; • Aave 的 aToken 利息是余额自动增长; • LP Token 的收益来自手续费。 这些资产的收益形式不一样,Pendle 无法直接处理所有这些“原生资产”,所以需要一个统一的接口——这就是 SY。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1p71AAMlg.png) **Minting** 在 Pendle 中,minting 就是把你持有的质押资产(如 stETH、aUSDC、LP Token 等)“拆解”为 PT 和 YT 的过程。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1gqKJymle.png) 举个例子: 假设你有 100 stETH,你进行 mint 操作后,可能会得到: • 100 PT-stETH-28DEC2025(代表你可以在2025年12月28日赎回这100个stETH) • 100 YT-stETH-28DEC2025(代表你拥有这段时间内产生的收益) 图中举的例子是Mint DAI,可以看到Mint结束之后用户会收到对应的PT和YT。YT持有过程中将会持续产生收益。YT产生的收益可以随时提取。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJnia6J7xl.png) PT和YT都可以随时提取和购买。比如对于PT而言,他相当于放弃了未来收益权的本金部分,所以要出售的话,必然会是以折扣价格出售。也就是1DAI按PT出售的时候,出售的价格会比1DAI便宜,而购买持有对应PT的人,可以保证说到期之后换回1DAI,这就相当于一个固收类的产品。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJPoVR1Xxx.png) YT相当于对未来收益权的一个投机,比如某个YT的价格是0.04DAI,但是持有1年产生的收益是0.05DAI,那么这个过程中投资回报为25%。 **流动性引擎** 流动性引擎 (Liquid Engine) 是 Pendle 用来把各种质押资产(比如 stETH、ezETH、sfrxETH 等)的收益权拆分、再打包并释放流动性的机制。 Pendle 的自动做市商(AMM)是一个专为处理“随时间衰减资产”而设计的交易引擎。这意味着它能够处理那些价值会随着时间推移而变化的资产,例如收益代币(Yield Token, YT)和本金代币(Principal Token, PT)。 如果你有一笔资产,那么该如何购买YT呢?首先Pendle会把你的资产换算成SY,接着在PT和SY的池子中借出SY,分解SY从而生成YT和PT,将需要的YT发送给你,然后剩下的PT卖给池子从而偿还借出来的SY。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJHW3M1Xee.png) 如果要出售YT,逻辑是类似的,首先从PT和SY池子中借出PT,然后将YT和PT合成出SY,对应的SY份额发送给用户。剩下的SY卖给池子,偿还开始借出来的PT。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJ_IPX1mge.png) 上述是交易的逻辑,我们还可以给流动性池子添加流动性,从而赚取交易手续费。但是和一般的流动性池子不同点的是,Pendle添加的流动性资产有到期的说法,一般的AMM比如Uniswap,如果向LP提供流动性,就可以放在池子中始终不用管。但是Pendle提供的流动性方式会有一些不同,具体来说向Pendle池子中提供流动性有如下特点: • 时间敏感的定价模型:Pendle 的 AMM 会根据资产的到期时间调整价格。随着到期日的临近,PT 的价格会逐渐接近其基础资产的价值,而 YT 的价值则会减少。 • 动态曲线调整:与传统的恒定乘积模型不同,Pendle 的 AMM 会根据时间和市场条件动态调整其定价曲线,以更准确地反映资产的实际价值。 另外传统的LP在在交易过程中可能会对流动性提供者造成一定程度的无常损失,但是Pendle在这方面有很大的不同。提供流动性初期短期内仍可能有轻微的无常损失,但如果流动性提供者持有到期,无常损失将归零,因为PT和SY在到期时价值完全相等。 ### 案例 **Case1** 假设Alice有 100USDC 然后向池子添加流动性,他所添加的流动性会被转换成对应的 PT 和 YT。初始情况假设Bob购买了40YT以及Carol购买了60YT。 现在假如说cUSDC价格上涨到了1.2,此时价格变化情况是 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1ML_Jxmeg.png) 那么Bob和Carol分别能得到多少的收益,以及目前Alice的PT大概是多少钱? Alice目前的钱的情况是 $$ Alice = \frac{100}{1.2} = 83.33 $$ Bob和Carol的收益计算公式为 $$ Interest = ytBalance(t*) * (\frac{1}{SYIndex(t*)} - \frac{1}{SYIndex(t)}) $$ 具体而言 $$ Bob = 40 * (\frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{1.2}) = 6.667 $$ $$ Carol = 60 * (\frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{1.2}) = 10 $$ 如果把这三个数值加起来,会发现累加和依旧是100SY,也就是总量是不变的,但是收益关系会发生重新分配。 **Case2** 如果此时Carol提取了10个他的收益,那么目前池子的情况变化为: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJA_cgeQee.png) 如果再有新的奖励分配,那么分配规则是什么样的? $$ recordGenerate = i_u(t) - c_u(t) + \frac{ytBalance_u(t)}{SYIndex(t)} $$ 对于Bob而言,他之前的收益没有提取,所以新的收益分配比例对他而言是 $$ 6.667 + \frac{40}{1.2} = 40 $$ 对于Carol而言,他之前的收益已经提取了,所以他的收益分配比例是 $$ 0 + \frac{60}{1.2} = 50 $$ 对于Bob实际的新的Reward分配是是 $$ rewards(Bob) = 90 * \frac{40}{90} = 40 $$ 对于Carol,他的分配是 $$ rewards(Carol) = 90 * \frac{50}{90} = 50 $$ **Case3** 如果此时cUSDC的收益从1.2上涨到1.3了,Alice,Bob和Carol的分配份额分别会是什么样的? $$ Alice = \frac{100}{1.3} = 76.923 $$ $$ Bob = 40 * (\frac{1}{1.2} - \frac{1}{1.3}) = 2.564 $$ $$ Carol = 60 * (\frac{1}{1.2} - \frac{1}{1.3}) = 3.846 $$ 算上之前的累积份额,统计情况如下: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkgCpWxXlx.png) 再加上之前Carol提取的10SY,Alice + Bob + Carol的总份额依旧总数是100SY。 **Case4** 如果到期之后cUSDC价格上涨到了1.4,而之前Alice一直没有领取,那么他如果现在要领域自己的SY的话,只能领取 100/1.4 = 71.428,读到这里,你可能会有疑惑,那他之前不是还有76.923个SY吗, 76.923 - 71.428 = 5.495, 这些剩下没领的SY将来怎么办?结论是直接归Pendle所有。所以如果到期的话,还是尽快把资金提取出来为好。 SY的价值不能随着时间推移后面降低吗?答案是不行,因为随着时间推移YT总是会产生收益,所以总的SY价值会越来越高。 更多内容,欢迎来Dapplearning社区共同探讨。 添加小助手加入DL社区 ![](https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/dLy8RWvt9ktyDL3w7bjOfAlBYgbJWW3D8VQH7sEIWByO1WkFUXsBlzNHEop6Pz2y9Ubr3GkFgUVXAbg4ruTbEQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic)

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