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    # 物件傳參考 JavaScript 中,資料的傳遞分為兩種方式: * **傳值**:Call by value 或 Pass by value * **傳址(傳參考)**:Call by reference 或 Pass by reference ## 傳值 JavaScript 中除了物件型別以外都是基本型別,基本型別就是單純的值。 而基本型別是透過「**傳值**」的方式傳遞資料: * Boolean:布林 * Null:空值 * Undefined:未定義 * Number:數字 * String:字串 假設今天 `a` 的值是 10,`b` 又等於 `a`,如果把 `a` 重新賦值 100,那 `b` 的結果會是什麼呢? ```javascript var a = 10 var b = a a = 100 console.log(b) ``` 答案是:10。 在電腦裡的世界,可以想像成一個個空間,有「記憶體位置」的空間,也有「儲存值」的空間。 為了方便取用,才有變數的存在,再用變數連結(指向)這些記憶體位置。 而宣告變數賦值,就是把變數的值存進電腦裡專門存值的空間。 所以在傳值的概念裡,兩個變數分別儲存在不同空間,就算其中變數 `a` 重新賦值,也不會影響原本複製過去的變數 `b`。 ![Image](https://i.imgur.com/zt6x1G5.png? =500x) ## 傳址 除了基本型別外,其他型別都算物件型別。 物件的定義需要包含 `key` 和 `value`,會以「**傳址(傳參考)**」的方式傳遞資料: * Object:物件 * Array:陣列 * Function:函式 以下方範例為例,變數 `a`、`b` 分別是什麼呢? ```javascript var a = { x: 1 } var b = a b.x = 2 a.y = 3 console.log(a, b) ``` 答案是:`a = { x: 2, y: 3 }`,`b = { x: 2, y: 3 }` 因為物件是「傳址」,所以並不會重新賦值,當然也就不會準備新的儲存空間,只會指向原本的位置。 當變數的值改變時,原本位置的值也會跟著改變。 ![Image](https://i.imgur.com/sjbIC8J.png? =500x) ```javascript var a = { x: 1 } // 儲存值 (1) var b = a // b 指向 a - 位置 (1) b.x = 2 // 對 a 的位置賦值 a.y = 3 // a 的指向位置不變,對自己賦值 console.log(a, b) // a = { x: 2, y: 3 }, b = { x: 2, y: 3 } ``` 再以下方範例為例: 如果用等號再對變數 `b` 重新賦值,再宣告一個變數 `c` 指向 `b`。 請問變數 `a`、`b`、`c` 分別是什麼呢? ```javascript var a = { x: 1 } var b = { x: 2 } var c = b b = a a.y = 3 console.log(a, b, c) ``` 答案是:`a = { x: 1, y: 3 }`,`b = { x: 1, y: 3 }`,`c = { x: 2 }` 雖然有準備新的空間給變數 `b`,並且讓 `c` 指向 `b`,但是後來又把 `b` 指向 `a`,`c` 指向的是 `b` 原本的記憶體位置,所以當變數 `a` 的內容改變,`b` 的值也會一起改變。 ![Image](https://i.imgur.com/rAFkarQ.png? =500x) ```javascript var a = { x: 1 } // 儲存值 (1) var b = { x: 2 } // 儲存值 (2) var c = b // c 指向 b - 位置 (2) b = a // b 指向 a - 位置 (1) a.y = 3 // a 的指向位置不變,對自己賦值 console.log(a, b, c) // a = { x: 1, y: 3 , b = { x: 1, y: 3 }, c = { x: 2 } ``` --- ## 參考資料 * [JavaScript 核心篇](https://www.hexschool.com/courses/js-core.html) * [重新認識 JavaScript: Day 05 JavaScript 是「傳值」或「傳址」?](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10191057) * [ Javascript中的傳值 by value 與傳址 by reference](https://medium.com/itsems-frontend/javascript-pass-by-value-reference-sharing-5d6095ae030b)

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