蔡秀吉
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--- title: Traffic Steering xApp 相關網路功能組件專有名詞介紹 tags: Ace lab --- > [name=蔡秀吉]<br/>[time=June 8 2023][color=#F4B400] ## Enrichment Information(EI)(豐富資料) 取決於想要達成的目的,如果是為了: - 提高數據品質:那麼 Enrichment Information 可能會包括有關訊號強度、訊號品質、用戶位置的資訊,用來減少錯誤並提高整體網路效能。 - 提供額外的資安:那麼 Enrichment Information 可能包括用戶身份或數據來源的資訊。防止未經授權的設備訪問。 - 合法合規:Enrichment Information 可能包括有關數據內容或用戶位置的資訊,用來辨識傳送或接收數據的 UE。 > 你是不是想到未來 [MDM](https://www.ydn.com.tw/news/newsInsidePage?chapterID=1558375&type=highlight) 可以怎麼設計了(誤,保密原本就是軍人的天職! [color=#F4B400] ## O-RAN Enrichment Information(EI) O-RAN 架構定義了兩種 Enrichment Information(EI) 類型: - **A1 Enrichment Information**: A1 Enrichment Information 是由 SMO 當中的 Non-RT RIC 提供給 Near-RT RIC 的資料;Near-RT RIC 可以使用這些豐富來提高其網路效能(例如:得以更全面的了解網路狀況,或是幫助優化資源使用效率。 - **External Enrichment Information**:是由第三方提供的資料(例如:雲服務提供商(CSP)或網路分析公司。 > External Enrichment Information 跟 3GPP NEF(O-RAN Y1 interface)不同。 詳見:[O-RAN.WG1.Use-Cases-Analysis-Report-v07.00](https://drive.google.com/file/d/17kNhe6ztNkUz67o143IfGu4VGhGA2wZN/view?usp=drive_link) 第49頁 ## Measurement Report(MR) UE 測量報告(UE Measurement Report,MR)是用戶設備(User Equipment,UE)向基站(BS)發送的訊息。BS 使用 MR 資訊中的訊息來決定換手、波束成形或其他無線資源管理 (RRM) 任務,而 Measurement Report(MR) 包含: - Cell ID - RSRP 參考訊號接收功率 - RSRQ 參考訊號接收品質 - CSI 無線通道狀態資訊 MR 訊息發送的頻率是由 BS 決定。 BS 可以設定 UE 在訊號品質極差的地區或 UE 在快速移動時,更頻繁地發送 MR 訊息。 在 5G 當中呢!有兩種 MR 類型: - Event-triggered MR(事件觸發類型):UE會在特定事件發生時發送MR,如:Cell 小區訊號強度發生明顯變化或 UE 即將切換到另一個Cell 小區時。 - Periodic MR(週期性):MR 由 UE 定期發送,無論是否發生任何事件。 ### 名詞介紹 - Cell ID :是行動通訊網路中的基地站的全域唯一標識,每個基地台都有一個唯一的 ID,但 Cell ID 本身是沒有任何地理位置的資訊的。 - 想要深入了解 RSRP、RSRQ,詳見柯俊先前輩的 [LTE筆記: RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ](https://note-on-clouds.blogspot.com/2016/04/lte-rsrp-rssi-rsrq.html) ## RF fingerprints 這是一種透過收集和分析傳輸的射頻簽名 (RF signatures),來辨識特定設備或發射器的技術,在 5G 行動通訊技術當中有多種用途,如下列: - 設備定位與跟蹤:RF fingerprint 可用於追蹤 cell 網路覆蓋內的設備位置。 - 用戶服務品質管理 (QoS):RF fingerprint 可辨識出造成干擾的設備,並可以為特定設備制定網路流量的優先權。 - 網路優化:RF fingerprint 可辨識出不同類型/網路需求的設備,我們可以藉此進一步應用,來優化網路(如:切一組網路切片)。 - 提高安全性:RF fingerprint 辨識可用於驗證設備並防止未經授權的設備訪問網路。 > 補充:RF fingerprint 辨識是藉由從 RF 訊號中收集 RF samples 來實現。然後分析這些 RF samples 以得知發射器的特性(例如:訊號頻率、振幅(Amplitude)和相位(Phase)) 然後把這些資料儲存在數據庫中,當偵測到新設備或發射器時,會將新設備的 RF signature 與數據庫進行比對用以辨別。 [color=#F4B400] ## RF signatures 它是抽象的,UE 的 RF signatures 是指去計算其位置的基本測量,就是說 UE 和 RAN 之間進行的一組測量,並將測量報告給 RAN。 RF signature 不是專為位置測量所設計。 RF signature 是為了讓 RAN 與UE 間的正常運作所設計的。 例如:RF signature 可用於同步手機和基站之間的傳輸時間,或實現功率控制和協調換手。除此之外,RF signature 的取得,是透過 3GPP 特定的協議,協議制定需求從 RAN 那邊獲得 RF signature。 這邊要注意一下 RF signature 的內容可能會有所不同,因為取決於 UE 所採用接入技術 (RAT) 的類型。 ### 參考資料 - [O-RAN.WG1.Use-Cases-Analysis-Report-v07.00](https://drive.google.com/file/d/17kNhe6ztNkUz67o143IfGu4VGhGA2wZN/view?usp=drive_link) - [5G O-RAN Non-RT RIC 元件功能介紹](https://hackmd.io/@thc1006/HkLTmUZP9) - [Solution Brief on RF Signature Based Detection and Positioning](https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/51409/Comtech-ENT/PDF/ET_RFSP_Solution_Brief.pdf) 第7頁 #### 其他資訊 歡迎加入 FB [O-RAN 5G 網路通訊技術 X GDSC] 學術交流社群:https://www.facebook.com/groups/534980718419173 #### 作者資訊(蔡秀吉) - hctsai@linux.com - thc1006@ieee.org - https://www.facebook.com/thc1006

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