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# 《React 思維進化》 2-1 ~ 2-3 ## 簡報連結 - https://hackmd.io/cWREnw9gSdKylPV2C022VA ## Summary ### Ch1 - JS 基礎型別 - string(常用) - number(常用) - bigint - boolean(常用) - undefined(常用) - symbol - null(常用) - React 開發環境 - Create React App - Next.js - Remix - Astro: 本身支援多語言,也可用 React 寫 ### Ch2 #### 2-1 DOM 與 Virtual DOM - DOM 本身不是 JS 語言的一部分,是瀏覽器提供的方法 ## QA #### 什麼是 Virtual DOM? - 定義一個畫面期待的結構,是一個夢(但還沒成真) #### 討論與澄清對 Virtual DOM 的理解 - Virtual DOM 是開發者和瀏覽器之間的抽象層;所有定義和畫面操作都從Virtual DOM處理,每次都會有之前版本的也會有當下的,前後比對後產生差異處,React 才根據實際差異處做操作;此方法可將 DOM 操作做到最小化,每次只做最小 DOM 操作,以達到效能優化 - Virtual DOM只是一個概念,React 實作此概念的方式就是 React element - 實際在寫 React 就是在~~操作~~ 定義(或捨棄)React element,React渲染React element產生實際畫面 - 開發者對 React element 只有兩種動作: 定義和捨棄,不會操作,操作聽起來像修改,React element不會被修改 #### 為何 React element 被建立後就不可被事後修改? - 額外提問: React 設計哲學是 immutable,這和不能被修改的原因有關嗎? - -> 不是直接相關,但多少有間接相關,immutable 通常是指狀態相關的事情,因為 JS 只有非基礎型別(物件、陣列)才會有 immutable,React 在講 immutable 通常是指物件 - 不能被更新的本質其實是同一件事情,他們(state, state建立的畫面)都是快照畫面,這些 state 會建立該狀態對應的 React element,這些建立的都是快照(歷史紀錄),都是已存在的事實,歷史紀錄就不該被修改 - 新的 render 要產生新的畫面、新的狀態,而不是改變既有的狀態與畫面 - 可以想像每 render 就像一次 git commit(但commit可以被修改,React element不能),或是像送出購物車後,當下的購物商品快照(紀錄購物當下的贈品、當下的價格) - 每 render 一次就是在建造一次新的版本的歷史紀錄 - 一旦被建立後,就是某時間點的快照,建立後資料就不會被改變了(如: useState) #### 如果真的改 React element 會發生什麼事? - 書中的概念性解釋: 會影響新舊 React element 的比較 (但其實不完全正確,下點說明) - 內部實作描述: 實際 React 內部還有一個抽象層,React 會將 React element 轉為fiber node 再做比較,實際上舊的 react element 會被存放起來,不會直接拿來跟新的比較 - 好文章推推: [Ref. React 開發者一定要知道的底層架構— React Fiber](https://medium.com/starbugs/react-開發者一定要知道的底層架構-react-fiber-c3ccd3b047a1) - fiber 比較底層,但放不下了QQ #### immutable state 是 React 也阻擋不了的 - 舊資料被修改其實不會有太大影響,但有時遇到非同步事件就會有問題 - 如: 如果有 setTimeout 要三秒後執行事件,三秒後執行的事件最後會顯示新資料,因為你中間去改了那個舊資料 - 修改過去舊資料的問題請見之後章節 #### 為何操作DOM是效能成本昂貴的東西? - 有些沒必要的操作,卻去操作那些DOM,就造成效能浪費 - 有些DOM就沒有要改,就不需要去操作他 #### React DOM 是什麼? root 是什麼? - React DOM 將 React element 轉換後產生 DOM - root 建立畫面管理的入口,因為 body 可能會有很多第三方套件的加入,所以在處理和控管上 React 無法全權管理 - 通常只會建立一個 root,但如果要和其他框架整合,也可以用多個 root #### reconciler 與 renderer 分別在做什麼? - reconciler: 比較 Virtual DOM 的差異,比較差異後交給 Renderer 做渲染 - 在一次 render 執行的順序: 先 reconciler 再 renderer - 第二次開始後才會有比較差異 - 後面會更詳細解釋 #### `ReactDOM.createRoot` 回傳的 root 是什麼? - 不是 React element(不是畫面的一部分),是一個 react 連接實際 DOM 容器的一個控制器 - root 可以用 render 和 unmount 兩個方法,都是 react dom 暴露出來的API #### 學習技巧補充 - 本書作者 Zet 提到,在理解書上的內容之後,可以試著用==跟書上不同的內容、自己的理解、自己的話去練習講出來==,也才代表有真正內化相關的內容 - 另外,[脈絡連貫] 和 [語句上順不順暢] 是兩件不同的事情 - ==[脈絡連貫] 更重要== - 踴躍描述書中概念,用自己的話講,以鞏固自己已知的知識 - 費曼技巧: 真正的學會技巧,要講到連阿嬤都懂 - 鼓勵大家多嘗試和身邊朋友同事說明 - learning how to learn: 持續不斷學習,每天一個知識點,讓腦內知識維持在高點,不限於 React > Zet: 請按照書中的順序依序閱讀,才能好好理解 --- 其他建議: 建議之後筆記工可傳筆記 hackmd 連結,大家一起共編減輕負擔

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