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# 區塊鏈技術-UTXO ![](https://i.imgur.com/6zDo5F2.jpg) 「所謂的比特幣,其實指的就是UTXO,UTXO記錄了這個比特幣是由那位礦工挖出,最後又如何到你的手上」 在談UTXO之前,我們先來談談現在銀行常用的Account Model ## 現在的銀行都是怎麼記賬的? 今天Alice與Bob都在瑞士銀行開了一個銀行帳號,且各自存了USD 1,000進去,這時資料庫應該是這樣記的 id = 000012345 name = alice amount = 1000 id = 000012346 name = bob amount = 1000 今天當Alice轉賬USD 200給Bob時,進行資料庫Query時,我們需要同時完成以下二個步驟才算完成 1. 將Alice的amount減去200 2. 將Bob的amount加上200 但是今天比特幣是沒有記錄帳戶餘額的賬本的,那它又是如何做計算的呢 ## 比特幣是如何記賬的 每個比特幣的錢包,是以錢包裡面有的UTXO來得知有多少可用餘額的,每一筆UTXO,指的都是未花費交易支出,每一筆UTXO都會指向一個錢包的位址,聲明它的擁有者 每一筆UTXO都是以聰為單位,一聰等同於0.000000001BTC 每一筆UTXO,都有一個txid 今天Alice透過挖礦得到5BTC,Alice會得到以下UTXO txid = #00021 input = txid = #00135 礦工打的,UTXO面額2 BTC address = 3FYxb7tnfv9sLSB9bFBnjunY3RDFChkBSW Alice的錢包位址 而當Alice要轉2BTC給Bob時,會由Alice先將5BTC給Bob,Bob又打3BTC還給Alice txid = #00032 input = txid = #00021 Alice的UTXO編號 address = 1AMWTBR3JWBJxjJ8KF5CtjXhRSoYrHuZxP Bob的錢包位置 txid = #00048 output = txid = #00032 amount = 300000000 address = 3FYxb7tnfv9sLSB9bFBnjunY3RDFChkBSW Alice的錢包位址 ## UTXO vs Acccount Model優劣 UTXO:原理簡單、易於擴展、高度並行、隱匿性強 Account:易於理解、節省空間、易於實現、模式成熟

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