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    # APCS 202501 考後題解 算一種解討吧idk,但我都盡量自己寫 還有我那時候考225分,三級分,所以希望下次能考四或五 --- ### 1. 等紅綠燈 > ZeroJudge q181 > https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=q181 * 送分題,直接告訴你怎麼算lol * 我5分鐘就寫完了 ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define endl '\n' using namespace std; int a, b, n, num, counter; int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cin >> a >> b >> n; for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i){ cin >> num; if (num%(a+b) >= a) counter += b-(num%(a+b)-a); } cout << counter << endl; } ``` --- ### 2. 字串操作 > ZeroJudge q182 > https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=q182 * 一般來說這裡會是二維陣列的題目,只是這次換這一題簡單的bruh * 敘述很直接,沒有要繞路特別想的地方 * 注意自己寫的有沒有對,很容易寫錯 ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define endl '\n' using namespace std; string s; int n, op; int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cin >> s >> n; for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i){ cin >> op; if (op==0){ for (int j=0; j<s.size(); j+=2) swap(s[j], s[j+1]); }else if (op==1){ for (int j=0; j<s.size(); j+=2){ if (s[j] > s[j+1]) swap(s[j], s[j+1]); } }else{ string temp=""; for (int l=0, r=s.size()/2; r<s.size(); ++l, ++r){temp += s[l]; temp += s[r];} s = temp; } } cout << s << endl; } ``` --- ### 3. 重組問題 > ZeroJudge q183 > https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=q183 * 想不到 以後再說 :) 更新: (我APCS歷屆就剩這題了 可以有人救一下嗎 :U) --- ### 4. 分組開會 > ZeroJudge q184 > https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=q184 * 考點:sort、滑動窗口、dp、絕對值的運算(高一數學範圍) #### **解法:** * 首先要先sort(應該不用我講) * 然後用一個滑動窗口去找窗口中最小的移動距離,並存到place裡面 --- * 最小移動距離**點**: 點為a~i~, a~i+1~, ..., a~i+k-1~,x為線上一點 則總移動距離為 f(x) = |x-a~i~| + |x-a~(i+1)~| + ... + |x-a~i+k-1~| 若我們要使f(x)有min直(最小的移動距離) --若k為奇數,則 x=a~(i+(k-1)/2)~ --若k為偶數,則 a~(i+(k/2)-1)~<=x<=a~(i+(k/2))~ (偶數的我取a~(i+(k-1)/2)~,因為c++會把小數砍掉,會是比較小的那一個) --- * 滑動窗口算下一個最小移動距離: 設上一個窗口的最小移動距離為x,中心點為n,現在的最小移動距離為y,中心點為m --若k為奇數:y=x - (n-a~i-1~)-...-(a~(i+k-1)~-n) + (m-a~i~)+...+(a~(i+k-1)~-m) n和m可以在兩個窗口內完全消掉,留下第一個窗口的一個(-m)和第二個窗口的一個(-n) a~i~到a~(i+k-2)~都會互相削掉 留下來的就是 y=x+a~i-1~+a~(i+k-1)~-n-m --若k為偶數 y=x - (n-a~i-1~)-...-(a~(i+k-1)~-n) + (m-a~i~)+...+(a~(i+k-1)~-m) n和m可以在兩個窗口內消掉,留下第一個窗口的-(m-n)和第二個窗口的(-n-m),可得(-2m) a~i~到a~(i+k-2)~都會互相削掉 留下來的就是 y=x+a~i-1~+a~(i+k-1)~-2*m --- * 從place取兩個不在同一個窗口內的最小值: 先存一個dp[i],為到第i個前取一個最小的值 而再存一個mincount,為取兩個(第i項和前面不在同一個窗口內的)的min值 mincount = min(mincount, dp[i-k]+place[i]) mincount為答案 ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define endl '\n' #define maxn 200005 #define inf 1e18 #define int long long using namespace std; int n, k, nums[maxn], place[maxn], prevp, dp[maxn], mincount; signed main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cin >> n >> k; for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) cin >> nums[i]; sort(nums+1, nums+1+n); prevp=nums[1 + ((k-1)/2)]; place[1] = 0; for (int i=1; i<=k; ++i) place[1] += abs(nums[i] - prevp); for (int i=2; i<=n-k+1; ++i){ int mp=nums[i + ((k-1)/2)]; //用數學去算 if (k%2 == 0){ place[i] = place[i-1] + nums[i-1] + nums[i+k-1] - 2*mp; }else{ place[i] = place[i-1] + nums[i-1] + nums[i+k-1] - prevp - mp; } prevp = mp; } dp[1] = place[1]; mincount = inf; for (int i=2; i<=n-k+1; ++i){ dp[i] = min(dp[i-1], place[i]); if (i>k) mincount = min(mincount, dp[i-k] + place[i]); } cout << mincount << endl; } ```

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