特別小講
Eric Gordon 是 Engagement Lab 的創辦人，美國 Emerson College 視覺媒體藝術系的教授，同時也是哈佛 Berkman Center for Internet and Society 的一員，研究數位公民參與、遊戲化學習。著有 Net Locality: Why Location Matters in a Networked World、Civic Media: Technology|Design|Practice 。
Engagement Lab
https://elab.emerson.edu/
Location based media: 位置改變人們對城市的看法跟感覺。
在那本書之後，我不只對個人感興趣，而是科技如何改變 organization 跟 civic lab
crowdsourcing government problem and increase the efficiency of public services
technology could transform way beyond the interaction how public service works
Value-driven technology
在美國，科技變成為「組織」解決問題的東西
public sector can't handle it-> private sector handle it
例子：311 problem reporting tool 政府利用科技尤其是行動科技來與民眾互動
government used to not know where the problems were
now people use the pot report
seen as perfect collaboration
government problem solved
對我來說，問題在於，這些使用科技的新方法帶來什麼新的價值
The primary job of government is service
and now government oursource the service to citizen crowdsourcing
它超越了單純的"效率"考量
in what ways the values, people are taking to the technology
change how public sector generally works
Every technology is infused with value
We are using it for reasons. They are not neutral.
科技是由人創造且操作，因此背後有其價值
Technolgoy is designed by humans with particular values
有很多例子顯示科技帶來的新的組織模式，含有了獨特的價值
democratic value:
whatever is driving that technology
how do those values stay in place
For community like this
learn to know how to change the world with ideology that crates the tool
不只是用科技改變社會，更是科技帶來的概念/ideology回頭改變群體組成的方式
"Meaningful inefficiency" 有意義的無效率
inefficiency can be positiv if they are designed for a porpose for people to create meanings
如果所有科技都是為了促進效率而人們不需要有互動，反而使很多人與人的價值 例如審議、人情互動反而喪失了
I was inspired by game design work.
Bernard Suit:
在遊戲中許多規則的設計是為了讓遊戲者用"無效率"的方式玩遊戲
The experience of playing a game
a role that make your path in the game inefficient
even racing games has barriers in the middle
e.g The game of gulf:
so that we can play the game
the design of the system is intentionally inefficient to create to system
That's the frame I use to think about the tehnology
to design system where people can create menings by being that system/ That's the value is democracy.
用這樣的遊戲思維，我回頭來看公民科技，重新省思人們如何創造"價值"，而科技可以扮演什麼角色
Engagement lab: applied research lab
我們做研究，但這些研究與現實生活的人們息息相關
work connected to real life projects and communities
understand the phenomena, value-driven technology
value-driven tech 以價值為主導的科技
https://elab.emerson.edu/projects/atstake
card game -> digital mobile game
enhance people emphathy thr deliberation on civic problem in a competitive game style
https://elab.emerson.edu/projects/community-planit
urban planing, education, labor policy
marry longterm planning to short term
it's hard to image long-term policy
decide process through short-term incentives
3 week game
implementing small projects under large deliberation process
several months working with communities to prepare contecnts, it's never a topdown effort
https://elab.emerson.edu/projects/databasic
Basic dataset
-> plug in for easy data visualization
讓非資料專家可以透過簡單的視覺化工具，快速了解資料的內容，讓人們擁有資料決策的能力
designed for building capacity of people to build civic life
https://elab.emerson.edu/projects/participatory-pokemon-go
運用遊戲讓青少年學習公民參與
interested in location
poor communities don't have enough nice pokemon stops
in Boston
motivate students to create new Poki spot
13-17 years old:
2 months a go , they don't care Pokemon anymore
the project is called AR story
not to make Pokemon better
building data literacy
about making people aware the digital spaces
-> interests increase
next sat: AR story hack in Boston
4 hr story hackathon
the issue is agin: how can we get ppl involved
https://elab.emerson.edu/projects/the-make-the-breast-pump-not-suck-hackathon
rethinking what a hackathon could be
a hackathon Focused on Breast Pump technology 2 years ago
2nd hackathon:
researchers are going to 8 locations in US to interview mothers in poverty and make their issues the topic of the hackathon; bring them into the advisory group
bringing together policy makers, technologies, stakeholders
2 streams: polict stream, technology stream
ael: 有實際用過遊戲在審譯的過程中嗎？
Eric: 不是全部的過程都遊戲化，但有嘗試過部分用遊戲讓人們練習審議的過程
exercising the musles
也試過用遊戲的一些概念&元素在審議過程裡，例如時間的操作
另外，就是 game design thinking >> identify the playable problem e.g. 民主有問題是個大問題，但可以"玩"的問題，是把問題具體到明確細小的問題，讓它成為遊戲要解決的目標，然後以那個為目標來思考，在達到目標前經過了哪些障礙，這些障礙就如同遊戲障礙。像是民主這個問題，playable problem 可能是：人們不參與、不出席。我讓大家在三小時的工作坊中，把這個問題轉化為一個小遊戲，試圖解決這個問題。
這回到了我的關懷：如何創造可以製造價格的過程，讓人們來解決問題。
ipa:
我覺得 Eric 有兩點覺得很棒：
Value: 我們在這邊不是只有一直寫程式，不是一百個 hub。價值不是那個沒有人用的東西。在 g0v 可能是 civic , engagement, open source
Hackathon is a game。買酒吃飯是個經驗，讓大家都是 NPC。去經驗民主。
最後一個問題，這個實驗室怎麼 run 的？是社群還是有 staff， bottom-up or top-down?
Eric:
It is run more like a top-down inside an university. we do make efforts in culitvating the community
non-traditional structure
we have rich resources: MIT media, xx university and … around Boston. We try to build a network between these instituions by connect faculties and make it activist
to create civic media community
y
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