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    # 民主科技:去中心技術與 AI 本文件為以生成式 AI 為主體,且與去中心技術、審議技術相關之資訊,由於坊間較少相關資訊,故整理之。 mashbean 整理 (2023/11/25 update) weijen liu 協作 (2023/11/25 update) ## 科技的發展進程 1. **分散式過去:** 1. 身分:各自獨立的身分服務 2. 資料:數位資料分散儲存,且未受保護 3. 資產:未受保護的智慧財產等 2. **集中化現狀:** 1. 身分:單一登入(Single Sign-on, SSO)服務 2. 資料:增進資料效率的搜尋引擎、**生成式 AI 服務** 3. 資產:經過保護的平台資料庫、簽章與認證 3. **分散式未來:** 1. 身分:身份自主權(Self-sovereign Identity, SSI)、聯邦身分(Fediverse, ActivityPub...等),數位活動的信任鏈(Chain of Trust) 2. 資料:分散式儲存,非對稱加密,資料合作社 3. 資產:可信賴憑證與去中心身分(VC+DID) --- ## 生成式 AI 時代的倡議觀點:民主科技如何達成 1. **分散式過去:** 1. 數位世界短期內仍將是「一個網路」的世界 2. 若資料如同 Kevin Kelly 所說,未受加密的資料無可避免的將被掠奪 3. 掠奪者是「資本—技術複合體」,有機房、算力、資本、人才、法規優勢者 1. 極權政體 2. 巨型企業 4. 因此民主政體手段不外乎有兩種: 1. 提高法規難度(築牆):參照布魯塞爾效應(Brussel Effect)、強化資料保護與資料應用相關法規、強化在地產業鏈 2. 提升擴散效率(造橋):新興科技使用率、數位素養與衝擊、促進在地化資料數位化 5. 民主政體的障礙: 1. 現狀:政策保守與政策滯後 2. 資訊環境變動快速,須考量境外勢力的政策影響能力 3. 國際化科技發展環境可能留不住境內人才與資本 2. **集中化現狀:** 1. 規管中心化企業的「AI 憲法」(Constitutional AI)是否必要? 1. 共識:促進各地公民審議活動 2. 工具:**促進以 LLM 為工具的民主審議技術** 3. 法治:民主政體彼此可互通的監理聯盟 2. 但是以上作法,皆無法避免「資本—技術複合體」的掠奪 1. 極權政體:深偽、資訊操縱、利益集團裙帶關係 2. 巨型企業:演算法、個資濫用、社群極化 4. **分散式未來:** 因此以科技抗衡科技,是少數符合趨勢的解法,諸如 1. 導正技術架構(多元宇宙):開源、分散、可組裝的生成式 AI 模型、可簡易溯源(Provenance) 的生成式 AI 服務 2. 強化民主科技(自由主義):上述 SSI、DLT、聯邦宇宙、VC+DID 等 3. 強化審議科技(社會民主):審議技術與文化、將資料視為合作社 --- ## 創新模式的發展進程 可分為: 1. **效率式創新**:因簡化**生產流程**而**強化**既有供給者的創新,效率式創新會增強集中度。 2. **破壞式創新**:因降低**生產成本**而**取代**既有供給者的創新,破壞性創新會取代既有的集中節點 3. **下放式創新(Empowering Innovation)**:因降低**參與門檻**而**分散**供給者的創新,下放式創新可能會改變供應鏈與供需模式。下放式創新會降低既有體系的監管力度,且可能強化生態系的韌性。**若出現有利下放式創新的政策,可能影響產業平衡**。 生成式 AI 有效率式、破壞式、下放式的創新模式。任一種發展模式影響科技進程走向。 ## 共筆者著作之相關文章 **以 AI 法規為主題** 1. [生成式 AI 之原則試寫 (draft)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/12q84Oav69QwlH8XMDR_bRSVFF_U-ftKpLL4ArDSDRHA/edit?usp=sharing) **以 AI 與民主科技為主題** 1. [「黑暗大陸」的人工智慧紀行,開放科技及其恩人](https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6685/7181701) 2. [後LLM的權力地景:擁抱暗夜呢喃的時刻已然降臨](https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6685/7184570) 3. [當AI成為人的「雙生火焰」:競爭帶來威脅,融合帶來力量](https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6685/7305198) 4. [當AI成為人的「雙生火焰」:機器伴侶永遠監視著你](https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6685/7305309) 5. [眾議式民主新可能?除了區隔衝突,「Pol.is 2.0」透過 AI 收斂論述,找出群眾共識](https://www.readr.tw/post/2957) 6. [網路極化言論中,真理真的越辯越明?](https://www.readr.tw/post/2950) **以分散式 AI 為主題** 1. [人工智慧作為一種踰越/愉悅─論AI詠唱者的合成欲望與匱乏追求](https://artouch.com/art-views/content-98812.html) 2. [Democratizing AI _Utilizing LLM as a Cultural Technology, to Reshape the Digital Public Sphere](https://mirror.xyz/mashbean.eth/cj27onb6wSVwlCnTWW1A00Bmv4e3IKqf-K0A-aAomLE) 3. [演講講稿:民主化AI的實驗與展望](https://matters.town/@mashbean/410028) **以創作為主題** 1. [當機器談論藝術時,我們在談論什麼?](https://artouch.com/algorithmic-art-history/content-103167.html) 2. [林茲電子藝術節(三)|作品與 AI](https://matters.town/@mashbean/353385) 3. [寤寐之中與虛擬實境](https://matters.town/@mashbean/205941) --- ## 相關議題之文章 訊息溯源 1. [Contextual Confidence and Generative AI](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.01193) 2. [Cross-Platform Origin of Content (XPOC) Framework](https://github.com/microsoft/xpoc-framework) 3. [Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA) ](https://c2pa.org) 審議科技 1. [Polis: Opportunities and Risks of LLMs for Scalable Deliberation with Polis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11932) 3. [AOI: Talk to the City Demo: GenAI Taiwan 2023](https://tttc.dev/genai) 4. [Introducing Talk to the City: Collective Deliberation at Scale](https://ai.objectives.institute/blog/introducing-talk-to-the-city-our-collective-deliberation-tool) 5. [Fine-tuning language models to find agreement among humans with diverse preferences](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.15006) 6. [Human-centred mechanism design with Democratic AI](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01383-x) AI 憲法 1. [Anthorpic: Collective Constitutional AI: Aligning a Language Model with Public Input](https://www.anthropic.com/index/collective-constitutional-ai-aligning-a-language-model-with-public-input) 2. [CIP: Alignment Assemblies: Nine Months In](https://cip.org/blog/alignment-assemblies-nine-months-in) 3. [Meta: Bringing People Together to Inform Decision-Making on Generative AI](https://about.fb.com/news/2023/06/generative-ai-community-forum/) 4. [陽明交大與史丹佛合辦公民審議大會 促AI發展走向負責任創新](https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4495057) 5. [數位部成為國際組織「集體智慧計畫(CIP)」合作夥伴 凝聚人工智慧需求與風險共識](https://moda.gov.tw/press/press-releases/5243) High Level Discussion 1. [Democracy by Design: Perspectives for Digitally Assisted, Participatory Upgrades of Society](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750323001217?via%3Dihub&fbclid=IwAR0nxV8Cj8G-iQMXUrP6ZImsLxYxuNJ2T9RiIr2FzZh6yZmry4xz5-vBHt8#fig8) 2. [Ethical Principles for Web Machine Learning](https://www.w3.org/TR/webmachinelearning-ethics/) --- 關注組織 台灣: 1. [AIA: 台灣人工智慧共識協作工作坊](https://aiacademy.tw/aia-consensus-workshop/) 2. [vTaiwan](https://vtaiwan.tw/) 3. [moda](https://ideathon2023.beta.tw/tw/polis) 國際 1. [Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab](https://cdd.stanford.edu) 2. Meta 3. CIP 4. Polis 5. AOI/Talk to the City 6. [OpenAI: Democratic inputs to AI](https://openai.com/blog/democratic-inputs-to-ai)

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