PoChunChen
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    --- tags: Class --- # DSP數位訊號處理 # 一、 期中考大禮包 ## 系統判斷 ### 判斷系統是否Stable? * BIBO * 總和小於無限大 * z-transform: 包含unit circle。 * 看到h()函數,把h()取sigma看是否有限 * h型:u[]前面要有 (小於1)^n ,才穩定。 * -n公比就會大於1 補充: ![](https://i.imgur.com/JFJkRbH.png) 不確定的話則帶入定義判斷 補充:遞迴函式,公比大於一。(會發散) ### 判斷系統Linear? * 無互乘 * 無非線性項 * 沒有Bias * <font color="#b02">有出現max、min都不是線性。</font> 補充: 可以用Superposition(重疊)判斷。 y函式為鋸齒狀函式也沒差,主要是"轉換的關係式"是否為線性。 ### 判斷系統Time-invariant? * 無時間相依係數乘項(不會乘n) * 無Up/Down sampling -> <font color="#b02">[n]內部之n係數只能為1,既不能為[2n]、[0.5n].....</font> * <font color="#f00">出現h[]、H{}就是</font> * 初始條件要是0。 ### 判斷系統Causal? * 不能出現"未來的"時間(n+1)。<font color="#f00">u跟delta不用管。</font> * h[n]=0,for n<0。(零點之前都是零是因果型;零點前面有東西,就不是因果型。) * z-transform: |z|> cons(向右)。 ### 判斷系統Memory? * 只有當下的一根 h[n]=c $\times$ δ[n]才是非記憶型。 * h[n] $\neq$ 0 for n $\neq$ 0(例如n+1等等)是記憶型。 * h[n],n要是常數才是記憶。 ## 初/終值 位置與大小判斷 * 笨笨解: Z-inverse transform後再看差分方程式判斷。 * 初/終值定理 速解:[cited by BC Tsai] ![](https://i.imgur.com/cWtj3Pq.jpg) 以H1作為範例: 1. 看ROC,小於找最小,大於找最大。(橘1) 2. 小於向左(所以是"終值")、大於向右(所以是"初值") 3. 找Value → 分母最小次方是-2次(係數為2), 分子最小次方為-2次(係數為2)。 口訣: <font color="#f00">Value = (最X分子係數)/(最X分母係數) </font> = 2/2 = 1 4. 找Position → 分母最小次方是-2次, 分子最小次方為-2次, 口訣:<font color="#f00">Position = 最X分母次方-最X分子次方 </font> = (-2)-(-2) = 0 ## Fourier-Transform ## Z-Transfrom $x[n] = Re{x[n]}$ $+$ $jImx[n]$ 1. Real function of $x[n]$ : $Re$ ${x[n]}$ = $\cfrac{x[n]+x^*[n]}{2}$ 2. Imaginary function of $x[n]$ : $Im$ ${x[n]}$ = $\cfrac{x[n]-x^*[n]}{2j}$ 3. Even function of $x[n]$: $x_e[n]$ = $\cfrac{x[n]+x^*[-n]}{2}$ 4. Odd function of $x[n]$: $x_o[n]$ = $\cfrac{x[n]-x^*[-n]}{2}$ <font color="#f00" size=7>記得ROC!!!</font><br> <font size=5>定義:</font> ![](https://i.imgur.com/TdLzTh2.png) <br><br> 範例: ![](https://i.imgur.com/PdzIpW6.png) 1. 用定義組合出“等比級數” 2. u[n]去修改Sigma上下限 3. 把公比直接抓去分母(1-公比),分子直接是公比的第幾次方(直接帶入)。 4. 記得寫“收斂半徑”! <br> <font size=5>微分:</font> ![](https://i.imgur.com/1PXjuR8.png) <br> * 無腦解: 1. 背下公式 ![](https://i.imgur.com/d6Mudm3.png) 2. 把有帶n的x[n]放著,寫一個沒有n的y[n] 3. 用一般z-transform解法 4. z Y[z]/dz &hArr; -ny[n] = -x[n] 範例: ![](https://i.imgur.com/70xxSpU.png) - Properteis of Z-transform ![](https://i.imgur.com/HqbHn11.png) - $nx[n]$證明:         ![](https://i.imgur.com/jIEb4ap.png) - $x^*[n]$證明:         ![](https://i.imgur.com/IK7dVv5.png) ## Z-Inverse Transfrom 1. 部分分式 2. 用ROC帶入分母公比的地方,小於1就除掉公比(翻素肚)調整。

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