---
exercises: 0
keypoints:
- Reflect upon concepts around learning, training and teaching.
- Internalize and learn to mentally structure several ideas and concepts related to
learning, training and teaching.
outcomes:
- Get a clear understanding of the goals of this session and of the skil the learners
are expected to acquire.
questions:
- What are the goals and intended learning outcomes of this session?
slides_url: https://hackmd.io/@nyTtT/r1tHvVR4w#/10
teaching: 3
title: S1E3-Theoretical Priciples and Resources

---

## The workings of learning

- How do people learn?
- How does learning work?


## Resources for you to learn more about how learning works


### The _Carpentries_ instructor training materials


[http://carpentries.github.io/instructor-training/](http://carpentries.github.io/instructor-training/)

> ## Challenge: How do you go about learning something new? How do you approach learning new things? (3min + 5min)
>
> - Which is the most effective approach for you to learn?
> - Read about it
> - Attend a training session!
> - Have a go?
> - Do, reflect, process, further understand?
> - Make a list of three approaches that work for you when you want to learn something new (from the most complete to the least effective)
> - Discuss it with your partner and compare.
{: .challenge}

> ## Challenge: What is learning, in your opinion/experience? (5 min)
>
> - Discuss with a partner and write in the GDoc one or more definitions of what learning is, in your opinion/experience.
{: .challenge}

## Learning theory

There is no universal theory of learning, but evidence-based research results support some learning principles, which are today accepted and applied.


## Six strategies for effective learning (based on evidence from cognitive research)


_Six Strategies for Effective Learning_, by Yana Weinstein, Megan Smith & Oliver Caviglioli is licensed under a Create Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. It is based on work that can be found at [http://www.learningscientists.org, teachinghow2s.com/cogsci](http://www.learningscientists.org, teachinghow2s.com/cogsci)


> ## Challenge: How do you understand the six strategies for effective learning? (10 min)
>
> - Work in groups of three
> - Carefully read the strategies as a group
> - Pick one strategy you like (with no overlapping with the other groups)
> - Discuss how you would implement it as teacher/instructor
{: .challenge}

## 7 evidence-based learning principles

#### Principle P1:
Students' prior knowledge can help or hinder learning.

#### Principle P2:
How students organise knowledge influences how they learn and apply what they know.

#### Principle P3:
Students motivation determines, directs and sustains what they do learn.

#### Principle P4:
To develop mastery, students must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned.

#### Principle P5:
Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students' learning.

#### Principle P6:
Students' current level of development interacts with the social, emotional, and intellectual climate of the course to impact learning.

#### Principle P7:
To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning.


> ## Challenge: How do you understand the seven principles of learning? (10 min)
>
> - Work in groups of three.
> - Carefully read the strategies as a group.
> - Pick one principle that is not clear to you.
> - Ask one question.
{: .challenge}


>## Challenge: Teaching or training? (3 min + 3 min)
>- Based on your experience, what are in your opinion the differences between teaching and training?
>- Identify two main differences
>- Discuss them with your partner
>- Write them in the Gdoc (share them with us)
{: .challenge}

{%comment%}

$$$
## The workings of learning

- How do people learn?
- How does learning work?


---

## Resources for you to learn more about how learning works


---

### The _Carpentries_ instructor training materials


[http://carpentries.github.io/instructor-training/](http://carpentries.github.io/instructor-training/)

---

## Challenge: How do you go about learning something new? How do you approach learning new things? (3min + 5min)

- Which is the most effective approach for you to learn?
- Read about it
- Attend a training session!
- Have a go?
- Do, reflect, process, further understand?
- Make a list of three approaches that work for you when you want to learn something new (from the most complete to the least effective)
- Discuss it with your partner and compare.

---

## Challenge: What is learning, in your opinion/experience? (5 min)

- Discuss with a partner and write in the GDoc one or more definitions of what learning is, in your opinion/experience.

---

## Learning theory

There is no universal theory of learning, but evidence-based research results support some learning principles, which are today accepted and applied.

---


---

## Six strategies for effective learning (based on evidence from cognitive research)


---

_Six Strategies for Effective Learning_, by Yana Weinstein, Megan Smith & Oliver Caviglioli is licensed under a Create Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. It is based on work that can be found at [http://www.learningscientists.org, teachinghow2s.com/cogsci](http://www.learningscientists.org, teachinghow2s.com/cogsci)


---

## Challenge: How do you understand the six strategies for effective learning? (10 min)

- Work in groups of three
- Carefully read the strategies as a group
- Pick one strategy you like (with no overlapping with the other groups)
- Discuss how you would implement it as teacher/instructor

---

## 7 evidence-based learning principles

#### Principle P1:
Students' prior knowledge can help or hinder learning.

#### Principle P2:
How students organise knowledge influences how they learn and apply what they know.

#### Principle P3:
Students motivation determines, directs and sustains what they do learn.

#### Principle P4:
To develop mastery, students must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned.

---

#### Principle P5:
Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students' learning.

#### Principle P6:
Students' current level of development interacts with the social, emotional, and intellectual climate of the course to impact learning.

#### Principle P7:
To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning.


---

## Challenge: How do you understand the seven principles of learning? (10 min)

- Work in groups of three.
- Carefully read the strategies as a group.
- Pick one principle that is not clear to you.
- Ask one question.

---


---

## Challenge: Teaching or training? (3 min + 3 min)

- Based on your experience, what are in your opinion the differences between teaching and training?
- Identify two main differences
- Discuss them with your partner
- Write them in the Gdoc (share them with us)

---
$$$

{%endcomment%}