**Several Project done by, Gede Suantara Darma**

# **Ship Design Project**

all the design done by using AutoCad sofware.
* **Lines Plan**
Full design drawing
additional detail view

The first step to disign ships is draw Lines plan. This line draw to know how ship hull will become. Because hull design will affect ships resistance and efficiency of ships.
here shown sheer plan of the ship which is side view of the ship and body plan to show front view of ship. left hand side of body plan is shown hull design in Stern of the ship and right hand side is shown brigde od ship. half breath plan shown ship from top side.here also shown additional data such as principal dimension of ship and table of hald breath plan.

* **General Arrangement**
Full General Arrangement drawing
Next is general arragement of ship. this contain upper deck design. engine position cargo handling and other detail about ship. all designn should be refer to rule of making ship and ship classification bureau rule.
in this drawing will shown side view of ship, front view and top view. top view will be devided into several part, upper deck plan, main deck plan, and cargo plan.

* **Propeller Design**
propeller ship is use to drive ships since different ship has different caracteristic, so propeller will be design for each of ships. design propeller base on ship resistance calculation and engine will use and refer to rule to create propeller.
this shown how propeller cut in middle plane into side view and projected into front view. and last shown how if propeller expanded. this because propeller is not flat, they have pict ratio on it.
* **Propeller Shaft Design**
shadt of propeller will create according to ship design and propeller it self.
this drawing will include bearing of shaft and some other seal of the stern tube.

* **Engine Layout**
engine layout ship is created to givedetail information about engine room layout inside the ships.
in this drawing only shown stern part of ship where engine of ship will be take a place. the detail drawing will be separateley from port side view (left side view), starboard vew (right side view), front side view and last top side view. front side view will be shown in several part according to frame od the ships. top side view will be separately according to floor.
in engine room will be placed main engine and some support equipment such as lubricating system, starting sitem, cargo handling system, generator and cooling system.

* **3D layout**
Side view
Engine Position
in addition our lecturer ask me to draw how engine layout into 3D view. this supposedly inluding piping system so especialy for this drawing is done by using 3D plant software from AutoCAd.

# **Under Graduate Thesis Resume**

* **Abstract**
One of the factors in condenser leakage is the temperature difference between tube side and shell side. The condenser tube that is said leak after testing needs to be carried out the plugging. Plugging is done to prevent seawater entering the tube thus reducing the risk of further damage.
The tube bundle area is modeled as a porous medium and the effect in the shell side of tube bundle is modeled as a distributed flow resistance. The condenser modelled by using the multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian model to compute the two phase flow and heat transfer in the condenser. The gas phase (steam) and the liquid phase are considered as one continuous stream, separate conservation equations are computed for each phase. The secondary phase effect (the liquid phase) of the primary phase (gas-mixture phase) is calculated by adding source terms to the momentum and turbulence equations model by using user defined functions (UDF).
The saturation pressure in the industrial condenser before to the plugging process has the highest value of 27790.0 (Pa). The maximum condensation rate value in the industrial condenser before the plugging process is 0.00529579 (Kg/m3.s). The saturation temperature in the industrial condenser after the plugging process has the highest value of 300.0 (oK). The maximum condensation rate value in the industrial condenser after the pluging process is 0.00519625 (Kg/m3.s).

* Governing Equations
The study uses the Eulerian-Eulerian approach to modeling the two-phase flow heat transfer in a condenser. Completion of mass and momentum momentum equations for gas and liquid phases, and types of equations for non-condensable gases. Relevant correlations are chosen based on previous research to model the effects of condensation and gas inundations that cannot be condensed on heat and mass transfer in the condenser.
Two fluid phase modeling in this study uses the Eulerian-Eulerian approach. In this approach, the fluid from both phases is assumed to behave as a continuous medium and a set of vector equations is solved for each phase.

* Geometry and operating parameters
The condenser type used in this study is a condenser steam surface type provided by Hitachi Machinery & Engineering, LTD. The number of condenser tubes is 7300 per tube bundle with titaninum material, as shown in Figure 1. The geometry and operation parameters of the condenser are given at Table 1

Table 1

Figure 1 Condenser configuration

* Mesh
The construction of PT. POMI mesh condenser was carried out with the help of a mesher software, the mesh was built by representing a 3D condenser model. The results of mesh construction can be seen in Figure 2 Results of industrial condenser mesh. There are 3 different zones in the model as computational domains. The tubular region is the only area where condensation occurs. There is a vent in the center of the tubular area that is used to extract uncondensed gas and steam left in the condenser.
Figure 2 The mesh for industrial

* Condenser simulation results Condenser simulation results
The simulation results show that the entire bundle tube area has condensation as shown in Figure 3a, while in Figure 3b shows the volume fraction profile in the industrial condenser. In Figure 4a shows the pressure profile that occurs in an industrial condenser, while Figure 4b shows the temperature profile in an industrial condenser. The direction of the gas phase flow in the condenser is shown in Figure 5a, while Figure 5b shows the direction of the liquid phase flow in the condenser.

Figure 3 Contour (a) Condensation Rate and (b) Volume Fraction Liquid Phase
Figure 4 Contour (a) Pressure and (b) Temperature Gas Phase in Condenser
Figure 5 Streamline (a) Gas Phase and (b) Liquid Phase

* CONCLUSION
The saturation pressure in the industrial condenser prior to the plugging process has the highest value of 27790.0 (Pa). The maximum condensation rate value in the industrial condenser before the plugging process is 0.00529579 (kg/m3.s). Saturation temperature in the industrial condenser after the plugging process has the highest value of 300.0 (oK). The maximum condensation rate value in the industrial condenser after the plugging process is 0.00519625 (kg/m3.s).

# **Graduate Project Resume**

* Introduction to PIV
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method is used for flow visualization, research, industry and velocity measurements and related properties in fluids.
The velocity of the particles (V) is calculated by dividing the displacement of the particles in the two images before and after (∆S) by the interval between the two images (∆t).

* Schematic Diagram Two-stage Electrostatic Precipitator
In charging area, we use pin to plate electrode. Pin electrode as corona charge have diameter 0.8 mm and the distance from plate electrode in bottom is 13 mm. In this setup total 5 pin corona electrode are placed, the electrodes are 10 mm from each other. Collecting zone are placed in rear of charge zone. The length and width of the upper and lower plate electrode are 60 x 50 mm, 70 x 50 mm repetitively. The distance between two plate electrode is 16 mm apart. Charging and collecting area was provided by positive and negative voltage separately through two high voltage DC power supplies
Laser sheet position

* Particle images velocimetry processing
In this section post processing image using PIVlab were explain. PIVlab is one of MATLAB toolbox written in MATLAB language (graphical user interface that calculates velocities in image data (movies, picture). The captured images were save in tif file format, this because in tif file format brightness value of images is stored in matrix format. This stored method has small impact on the actual image data. PIVlab analysis need at least one pair image (two images) for do calculation.
PIV Lab

* Experiment Result
When discharge electrode given a high voltage, between needle electrode and plate electrode it will produce ionic gas so that the Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) flow started. This EHD flow occurs because of gas motion is force by the gaseous ions generated near discharge electrode and migrate toward the opposite ground electrode.
this case shown resulf for 2.63 m/s primary flow with 12kV charge and 16kV collector. The result shown in v-component velocity. As seen that after the particle trough needle electrode the particle start accelerate towards ground electrode. However, external flow causes the path of particle to the ground electrode to be deflected. Because of plate electrode the flow in trajectory become positive.

2.63m/s primary flow 12kV charge and 16kV collector