# [Intern] 27/09/2022 5G standardization.
###### tags: `BMW-Lab`, `Intern`

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**Goal:** To understand the 5G standardization.
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**References**
{%youtube Uhepr6xMdSY %}
- [5G standardization](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/5g-research-standards)
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## Background of a 5G standardization

5G standardization is the process of tailoring the 5G technology to serve the market requirements and even more, by introducing new applications and services besides the traditional services introduced by the initial mobile networks such as 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G.

## 5G radio access.
5G wireless capabilities are expected to extend far beyond previous generations of mobile communication. And NR 5G standardization, along with the evolution of the existing LTE standard, will help achieve the same. The aim of 5G is much wider than enhanced mobile broadband and will have to meet aggressive performance targets. Some of the key technology components to reach these targets include flexible numerology and ultra-lean transmissions.
Flexible numerology with x*15kHz sub-carriers will result in good co-existence with LTE and NB-IoT, as well as very low latencies. Ultra-lean design enables future-proof and self-contained data transmissions as well as reduced interference to neighbor sites. The latter implies higher overall system capacity and enables higher end-user data rates as this would otherwise be limited by the interference from the "un-necessary" interference from the neighbor sites. The first version of NR was ready by the end of 2017, but the planning of the same started a long time ago.


## 5G core
Next-generation core networks in the 5G standardization for business environments, making it noticeably advanced from today's networks. One example is 5G core is the concept of network slicing providing significant enhancements to address new business opportunities. Another example is the introduction of, what we call, distributed cloud infrastructure. Industries are changing and with that data-intensive applications are changing too. I see a need to create a more decentralized infrastructure with compute and storage closer to the end customer, or the device. There are many reasons for this, which are not only latency related but also about regulatory compliance, resilience, and network scalability.
It includes the extension of the control plane into the home, exposing new value to the consumer. Enhanced automation is another key to realize efficient 5G networks as well as digitalization of the operator's business.
Operators and vendors are on a journey towards cloud-native implementations of the 5G core network. And Ericsson is one of the main proponents of the Rel-16 eSBA study, that aims to further adapt the 3GPP specifications to cloud-native implementation and deployments.

## 5G security
Better privacy and identity protection of subscribers is becoming more and more important for every organization that deals with personal date. 5G networks can further enhance security; one example is solution to improve subscriber untraceability, based on asymmetric encryption methods. IoT solutions become available to users and developers across different sectors and ecosystems. This we do by implementing flexible identity management, where different types of credentials suitable for constrained or more powerful devices can co-exist. Moreover, it will also function over a variety of access types – including secure storage technologies of credentials in devices.


## Conclusion

5G—the next era of mobile networking—expands the network to connect people, machines, objects, and devices. 5G is designed to deliver a variety of capabilities including multi-Gbps peak rates, ultra-low latency, massive capacity, and a more uniform user experience.
5G standardization is the outcome of an exhaustive process. The process includes building consensus around a technical direction among diverse parties such as vendors, operators, and other interested groups researching and developing technical standards based on the consensus technical direction while maximizing technology compatibility, interoperability, security, repeatability, and quality.