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--- tags: python --- # DAY 02 變數和簡單的資料型別 ## 變數的使用 「變數」是指一個包含部分已知或未知數值或資訊(即一個值)之儲存位址 那我們來實際操作一下 : 設定一個變數名稱叫s,s等於一個字串,然後再將s print出來 ```Python= s='hello' print(s) ``` 印出的結果如下,因為s等於hello,所以將s印出就等於是在印hello ```python hello ``` 接下來我們把上述的程式碼擴充成以下形式 : ```Python= s='hello' print(s) s='hahaha' print(s) ``` 印出後我們會發現結果如下: ```python hahaha ``` 為甚麼會從hello變成hahaha呢 ? 因為python會記錄它最新的值,也就是說變數我們能隨時更改,它只會印出最新的那個值 ! <font color=#FF0000> 變數命名的注意事項: * 只能有英文字母,數字和底線 * 變數名稱裡不能有空格,可以用底線代替 ex : student_id </font> --- ## 字串(String)的基本運用 在python3裡面只要是引號括起來的都是字串,所以單引號雙引號是不影響的 ! 現在來說一些字串的常見用法: ```python= student_name="Weiting" school="FJU" student_id=405570147 print(student_name.title()) print(student_name.upper()) print(student_name.lower()) print(len(student_name)) print(school+" "+student_name) print(school+student_name) print(school+" "+str(student_id)+" "student_name) ``` ### 上面程式碼的說明 : * 第一行是在定義一個student_name變數是"Weiting"字串 * 第二行是在定義一個school變數是"FJU"字串 * 第三行是在定義一個student_id變數是405570147,==但資料型態是int(整數)== * 第四行的title()方法是讓第一個字大寫 * 第五行的upper()方法是讓全部變大寫 * 第六行的lower()方法是讓全部變小寫 * 第七行的len()方法是計算長度 * 第八行是兩個字串的相加(中間還有再加一個空格隔開兩個字串) * 第九行是兩個字串相加(可以和第八行比較一下輸出結果)。 * 第十行是字串和int的相加,因為字串只能跟字串相加,所以int要轉成字串的型態,不然會出現TypeError(型別錯誤) ! str()方法是轉成字串的意思 ! 所以印出的東西分別是: >Weiting >WEITING >weiting >7 >FJU Weiting >FJUWeiting >FJU 405570147 Weiting :warning: 印字串的時候也有一點要注意 當你的print是用兩個單引號括起來,但你要印的字串裡也有單引號的時候,你就得用\這個符號隔在內容的單引號前面,不然就是得換成兩個雙引號,如下 : ```python print('This\'s an apple') ``` ```python print("This's an apple") ``` 這樣才能不讓程式碼出錯喔 ~ --- ## 字串的增加空白和刪除空白 ### 1.增加空白 增加空白有兩種方式 ==\n (換行)== 和 ==\t (空格)== * 換行範例 ```python print("hello\nworld") ``` 印出來就是 : ```python hello world ``` * 空格範例 (一個 \t 就是增加一個縮排,預設縮排是四格) ```python print("hello\n\tworld") ``` 印出來就是 : ```python hello world ``` ### 2.刪除空白 刪除空白有三種方法可以使用,==lstrip()刪除左邊空白==、==rstrip()刪除右邊空白==,或是==strip()刪除兩邊空白== * 刪除左邊空白範例 ```python= my_name=" Weiting" print(my_name) #輸出結果為" Weiting" print(my_name.lstrip()) #輸出結果為"Weiting" print(my_name) #輸出結果為" Weiting" ``` 從輸出結果來看,我們可以發現lstrip()方法只是暫時將字串的空白刪除,如果想要永久刪除空白,我們應該要把刪除空白的字串再存回變數中 ! ```python= my_name=" Weiting" print(my_name) #輸出結果為" Weiting" my_name = my_name.lstrip() #將去除左邊空白的字串存回變數中 print(my_name) #輸出結果為"Weiting" ``` ==p.s 順便說一下要寫注釋的方法,在python中是用#這個符號== 學會了刪除左邊空白後,刪除右邊空白和刪除兩邊空白也是同樣的做法 ! >[color=#0000FF]那我們稍微統整一下今天所學的 • title()---讓第一個字大寫 • upper()---讓全部變大寫 • lower()---讓全部變小寫 • len()---計算長度 • \n---換行 • \t ---空格 • lstrip()刪除左邊空白、 • rstrip()刪除右邊空白 • strip()刪除兩邊空白 • #---註釋 #### 好了今天就講到這了,各位明天見 :hand: *** 資料來源:<<python程式設計的樂趣>>-Eric Matthes著/H&C譯

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