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    # 開源與非營利組織經營 9/3 李梅樹紀念館主辦 # bit.ly / lms-oss --- ## Mozilla 簡介 & 非營利組織(MozTW)如何協作 (舊簡報) https://www.slideshare.net/irvinfly/mozilla-brief-introduction-community-collaboration +Telegram/ (Slack/Mattermost) ## 開放原始碼軟體應用於博物館之可能性 博物館學季刊,26(2): 157-173 http://web2.nmns.edu.tw/PubLib/Library/quaterly/201204_157.pdf > > ### 一、採用開放原始碼軟體作為博物館資訊基礎架構或辦公環境的一部分 > > 建置網頁伺服器時採用 Apache,博物館系統的資料庫使用 MySQL,管理郵件伺服器時使用 Postfix,建置資訊系統時使用 Linux 或 B2D 當作業系統 > > 區域網路使用 dhcp3-server 或 Bind。 > > 個別的工作人員使用開放原始碼軟體作為個人辦公之用,例如使用 Open Office 來作文書處理,使用 Firefox 來瀏覽網頁,用 Word Press 來撰寫部落格,或是用 Thunderbird 來收發電子郵件。 > > ### 二、採用開放原始碼軟體作為完成博物館特定任務或工作的工具 > 設計展場的環場投影特效時,使用 Agave、CAVEUT、Cryengine 等開放原始碼3D引擎和軟體。 > 使用諸 如 OpenSceneGraph、Octaga 等開放原始碼的影像工具去製作線上的3D 展示或虛擬實境展覽。 > 採用內容管理軟體如 Drupal、Greenstone,加以修改後當作數位內容管理和數位資產管理系統使用。 > > ### 三、由博物館主導之開放原始碼軟體開發專案 > > #### 博物館藏品管理軟體 > - CollectiveAccess > http://www.collectiveaccess.org > http://demo.collectiveaccess.org/index.php/system/auth/login > - Collection Space > http://www.collectionspace.org > http://core.collectionspace.org/collectionspace/ui/core/html/index.html > > #### 博物館線上展示與博物館教育軟體 > - Omeka > 克利夫蘭美術館等博物館 > https://omeka.org > https://omeka.org/showcase/ > https://curatescape.org/projects/ > - Open Exhibits > http://openexhibits.org > - GLAMKit > http://glamkit.com > ### 結論與建議 > 一、以聯盟或使用者團體方式推動開放原始碼軟體 > 二、博物館需要制定有關開放原始碼的資訊政策 > 三、推動開放原始碼軟體最好有博物館以外的合作夥伴 > 四、有效爭取資源並與開放原始碼界合作或互通 > ------ 休息時間 ------ ## 開放資料 - 台北故宮緊跟紐約大都會步伐,博物館虛擬化大潮勢不可擋? https://www.xcnnews.com/cul/311511.html - 故宮 open data http://theme.npm.edu.tw/opendata/DigitImageSets.aspx > 為因應本院公共化政策並加速圖檔資料開放,特釋出300dpi約20Mb之文物圖像,民眾無需申請,不限用途,不用付費,可直接下載使用 - 大都會博物館 Open Access Policy http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/policies-and-documents/image-resources https://github.com/metmuseum/openaccess > On February 7, 2017, The Metropolitan Museum of Art implemented a new policy known as Open Access, which makes images of artworks it believes to be in the public domain widely and freely available for unrestricted use, and at no cost, in accordance with the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) designation and the Terms and Conditions of this website. > > It also makes available data from the entire online collection―both works it believes to be in the public domain and those under copyright or other restrictions―including basic information such as title, artist, date, medium, and dimensions. This data is available to all in accordance with the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) designation. - 大英博物館於 Sketchfab 釋出 3D 模型 https://sketchfab.com/britishmuseum http://mashable.com/2014/10/31/british-museum-3d-printing-sketchfab/#415pUFjkciqh ## 開放館藏的授權決策 ### 荷蘭國家博物館經驗談:開放館藏的決策過程 > http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20151113 > Rijksmuseum是荷蘭於1800年成立、致力於藝術及歷史的國家博物館,實體館藏超過一百萬件。2003-2013年間由於建物整修,因此只開放800平方公尺的展區,就算2013年後的新館展區多達22000平方公尺,卻也只能展出約莫8000件展品。為了能讓更多館藏被看到,荷蘭國家博物館花費很多心力進行館藏數位化。 > 做出這項決定後,荷蘭國家博物館對於授權方式卻產生爭執。館方希望使用「創用CC 姓名標示」的授權方式,要求使用者使用圖像時標示出處,Europeana、維基媒體基金會、開放知識基金會則認為應該讓數位化後的作品仍維持公眾領域狀態。幾經討論後,這些數位化圖像最終以「公眾領域貢獻宣告」(CC0)授權釋出,在圖像的詮釋資料裡都清楚標示出作品的創作年代及公眾領域法律地位。 > 1. 博物館在實務上很難控制數位化圖像的使用。 > 2. 網路上早已存在許多版本畫質不佳、來源不可靠的數位化藝術作品。 > 3. 開放圖像可以讓館藏在不同平台上被更多使用者取用。 ### OKFN OpenGLAM 的指導原則 > http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20151123 > OpenGLAM認為,美術館、圖書館、典藏館和博物館是文化資產的看管人,守護館藏就是守護整體人類的記錄,這些文化機構在協助人類知識進步上扮演關鍵角色。網路提供文化資產機構一個前所未見的機會,讓他們能吸引來自全世界的觀眾、使館藏比以往更容易被發現和連結,並讓使用者能成為主動的貢獻、參與、分享者。 https://openglam.org/principles/ 1. 使用如CC0的合適法律工具發布關於物件的數位資訊(即詮釋資料),使其成為公眾領域。 2. 讓超過著作權保障期限的作品數位化後仍然維持公眾領域的狀態,而不會對期主張額外的新權利。 3. 發布資料時,要將對於資料描述、整體資料館藏、館藏附屬品被重複使用及賦予新用途的期望,做出清楚且堅定的宣言。 4. 發布資料時,使用可供機讀的開放檔案格式。 5. 應該追求以創新方式在網路上吸引觀眾投入的機會。 ### 開放公眾領域圖像的中繼站:Artstor的IAP服務 http://creativecommons.tw/node/1181 http://www.artstor.org 學術印刷用圖像計畫,使用者只能將圖像用於非商業性用途,而且不能印刷超過2000份。 ------ 休息時間 ------ ### 國際博物館採用公眾授權之概況(各種不同的授權方式) http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20150601 ## 創用CC計畫與授權介紹 http://creativecommons.tw/explore ## 文化館藏基礎權利標示 - 他山之石 - rightsstatements.org 對開放文化館藏的啟發與探討 http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20161205 http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20161206 > 協助跨界跨域的美術館、圖書館、檔案館,以及博物館,能以最淺顯方便的標示模式,來述明自身數位館藏最基礎的權利狀態,從而便利、加速該數位素材的流通與被使用 http://rightsstatements.org/ 一、素材仍受著作權利保護 1. 著作權利所有-僅得以主張合理使用 2. 著作權利所有-孤兒著作 3. 著作權利所有-僅供教育目的使用 4. 著作權利所有-僅供非商業目的使用 5. 著作權利所有-無既存之著作權利人 二、素材已不受著作權利保護 6. 著作權利沒有-契約條件限制 7. 著作權利沒有-僅供非商業目的使用 8. 著作權利沒有-使用可能受其他法律限制 9. 著作權利沒有-美國聯邦著作 三、素材著作權利狀態未明 10. 著作權利不清-未經實質評估 11. 著作權利不清-重要評量要素未明 12. 著作權利不清-無已知著作權利限制 ## 創用 CC 網站上許多博物館與授權相關文章 搜索「博物館 site:creativecommons.tw」 https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8+site%3Acreativecommons.tw ------ 休息時間 ------ ## open GLAM 案例與如何實作 by Reke https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GLAM_meet_Wikimedia.pdf ### 維基共享資源 Museum 專案參考 - 維基共享資源 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WikiProject_Museums https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Museum - Wikimedia Commons - 羅浮宮 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Louvre#Mus.C3.A9e_du_Louvre ------ 休息時間 ------ ## 數位典藏 ### Google Arts & Culture https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/ https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/about/partners/ ### Google Art Project 將藝術名畫裝進瀏覽器分頁,從電腦欣賞世界偉大作品 Chrome 擴充功能 https://free.com.tw/google-art-project-chrome-extension/ ## IP ### 【硬塞科技字典】什麼是 IP 化? https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/07/01/what-is-ip > IP 即是 Intellectual Property(智慧財產權、知識產權)的縮寫,IP 化指的是透過收購網路小說、遊戲、電影、文化作品版權,再將這些劇情稍加改編,製作成周邊產品例如影集、遊戲、電影等,這個產製的形式就被稱為 IP 化。 ### 中國博物館的 IP 開發 http://big5.ftchinese.com/story/001069027 > IP,Intellectual Property,即知識產權——最近兩年中國資本市場異軍突起的高頻詞——熱度已經從去年的網絡文學與影視圈,蔓延至新興的文博創意產業。中國擁有超過4500家博物館(包括民辦博物館在內),海量的館藏文物藝術品和非物質文化遺產,也意味着可供發掘的傳統文化資源取之不盡,用之不竭。 > 絕大部分博物館的文物藝術品商店,整體銷售情況都不理想,若再考慮場地、人力、研發的運營成本,即便偶有收益,也是杯水車薪。有位來自西北某省級博物館的學員說,雖然他們也有館藏複製品、彩陶茶具等具有地域特色的產品,但收效甚微,一年僅有2萬元左右流水進賬。“我們館最暢銷的商品,其實是飲料。”該學員開玩笑道。 ### 最豪華歷史文化IP——故宮博物館怎么把它發揮的淋漓盡致 http://www.haixiaba.com/n1267443.html #### 故宫淘宝 https://gugong1925.world.taobao.com ### 玩轉藝術IP 《藝術商業》9月刊 https://weiwenku.net/d/102334095 ## 線下策展的開放參與 博物館 in a box https://cloud.tacticaltech.org/index.php/s/SS7QCvprPBttxHI https://myshadow.org # 相關機構簡介 - 開放文化基金會 https://ocf.tw - 中華民國維基媒體協會 https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Taiwan/zh

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