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    # JSX的使用方法 ###### tags: `六角筆記王` [TOC] ## 透過 Babel 轉譯 透過 [Babel](https://babeljs.io/repl#?browsers=defaults%2C%20not%20ie%2011%2C%20not%20ie_mob%2011&build=&builtIns=false&corejs=3.6&spec=false&loose=false&code_lz=Q&debug=false&forceAllTransforms=false&shippedProposals=false&circleciRepo=&evaluate=false&fileSize=false&timeTravel=false&sourceType=module&lineWrap=true&presets=env%2Creact%2Cstage-2&prettier=false&targets=&version=7.15.1&externalPlugins=&assumptions=%7B%7D) 將React轉成JS。 原本React的寫法: ```jsx= <Button size="XL">Hello World!</Button> ``` Babel轉譯完之後: 這一行直接貼在React內也可以實現。 ```jsx= React.createElement(Button, { size: "XL" }, "Hello World!"); ``` ## JSX的概念 ### 為什麼需要JSX 透過JSX,我們可以直接把HTML放到Javascript。不需要再使用`querySelector`選取該元素後,才可以操作。取而代之的是,==可以直接在HTML中操作Javascript變數==。 換句話說,==JSX就是一種增強版的HTML==,讓我們可以很方便的對HTML進行修改與操作。 ```html= <div id="root"></div> ``` `ReactDOM.render()`語法, 1. 第一個是放入JSX,簡單來說就是HTML內容。 2. 第二個是說明這個==JSX的內容要被放在HTML中的哪個位置==。 ```javascript= const word = "React" ReactDOM.render( // JSX <h1>Hello,{word}!</h1>, // 要被放入哪個位置 document.getElementById("root") ) ``` JSX 中標籤內如果沒有內容的話,==可以自己關閉==。 ```jsx= <div className="chevron chevron-up" /> <div className="chevron chevron-down" /> ``` ## 在JSX中套用CSS樣式 在 JSX 中我們需要把`class=" "`都改成`className=" "`。 ```jsx= const Counter =( // 為了避開衝突關鍵字衝突,需要將class改成className <div className="container"> <div className="chevron chevron-up" /> <div className="number">256</div> <div className="chevron chevron-down" /> </div> ); ReactDOM.render(Counter,document.getElementById("root")); ``` ### 使用行內樣式 需要在 JSX 中撰寫 `inline-style` 的話,可以在HTML標籤內的style屬性中帶入「物件」的方式完成。 JSX可以使用括號`{}`來帶入變數,當我們撰寫 `inline-style` 的時候,就可以在`<div style={}>`的`{}`中放入物件。 物件的名稱會是CSS屬性,但會使用「==小寫駝峰==」來表示,屬性值則是CSS的值。 ```jsx= // 定義inline-style行內樣式 const someStyle ={ backgroundColor: "#4f69ff", fontSize: '20px', // 也可以寫20,引號和px可以省略 border: '1px solid black', padding:10, // 省略px,樣式會自動帶入單位變成'10px' }; const Counter =( // 在style中帶入物件,就可以使用inline-style <div className="container" style={someStyle}> <div className="chevron chevron-up" /> <div className="number">256</div> <div className="chevron chevron-down" /> </div> ); ReactDOM.render(Counter,document.getElementById("root")); ``` ### 補充 1. 屬性名稱以小駝峰來命名,例如:`backgroundColor` 和 `fontSize` 2. 須記得這是Javascript物件,所以想使用顏色的時候,需要使用字串的方式表示。例如:`"white"` 3. ==須記得這是Javascript物件,所以結束換行是== `,` ==而不是== `;` 有時候開發者可能不會直接先定義一個 `inline-style` 的物件,而是把物件直接寫在`style={}`的`{}`內。就會看到有連續兩個大括號。 ```jsx= <div className="number" // 兩個大括號 style={{ color:white, textShadow: '2px 2px #434a54' }} > 245 </div> ```

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