劉威麟(willy-liu)
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# 2025q1 Homework2 (quiz1+2) contributed by < willy-liu > ## 2025q1 第 1 週測驗題 ### 測驗 `1` 根據定義 ```C #include <stddef.h> typedef struct list_item { int value; struct list_item *next; } list_item_t; typedef struct { struct list_item *head; } list_t; ``` ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByBXa_L31x.png) 要實作`list_insert_before`,就要先遍歷鏈結串列,找到before。最簡單的做法其實只需要`*p`就好,實作如下 ```c { list_item_t *p; if (l->head == before) { item->next = l->head; l->head = item; return; } for (p = l->head; p && p->next != before; p = p->next); if (p) { item->next = p->next; p->next = item; } } ``` 首先找到要插入的位置,然後將`item->next`設定為`p->next`,最後讓`p->next`等於item就好。 然而,這樣的實作方式在邊界條件就會有例外,`before`如果在`head`就需要將`l->head`取代成`item`。這樣的例外就是一個不好的code smell,特別是在雙向鏈結串列,或是其他結構,如果邊界情況有好幾個時,不但會影響程式碼的閱讀,還會影響效能。 使用了`**p`就可以完美解決這樣的邊界情況,將遍歷的對象從節點本身,改為在`next`指標的**位址**上做移動,`head`的型態也與`next`相同,所以對p取址一次`*p`就可以變更`l->head`或是`list_item->next`,邊界情況要做的事與一般情況的邏輯就會一致。 ```c { list_item_t **p; for (p = &l->head; *p != before; p = &(*p)->next); item->next = *p; *p = item; } ``` :::spoiler 延伸-撰寫合併排序操作 要實作合併排序,需要 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bk9bmqLhkl.png) ::: ### 測驗 `2` ### 測驗 `3` ## 2025q2 第 2 週測驗題 ### 測驗 `1` ### 測驗 `2` ### 測驗 `3` `AAAA`:`map->bits` `BBBB`:`map->bits` `CCCC`:`first->next` `DDDD`:`n->pprev` `EEEE`:`n->pprev` Linux kernel風格的hash table架構如下 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SklU_qJ01g.png) 這邊注意到pprev是「指標的指標」,才可以避免發生移除節點時的例外,因為開頭的行為會與其他節點有不一致的行為 ```graphviz digraph G { rankdir = LR; splines = false; node[shape = "record"] list_head[label = "<m>list_head | <n>first"] node_1[label = "<m>dll_node_1 | {<p>prev | <n>next}", group = list]; node_2[label = "<m>dll_node_2 | {<p>prev | <n>next}", group = list]; node_3[label = "<m>dll_node_3 | {<p>prev | <n>next}", group = list]; NULL_1, NULL_2[shape = plaintext, label = "NULL", group = list] {rank = "min" list_head NULL_1} list_head -> node_1:m; node_1:p -> NULL_1 node_1:n -> node_2:m; node_2:p -> node_1:m; node_2:n -> node_3:m; node_3:p -> node_2:m; node_3:n -> NULL_2; } ``` #### 結構體解釋 ```c typedef struct { int bits; struct hlist_head *ht; } map_t; struct hash_key { int key; void *data; struct hlist_node node; }; ```

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