# Merriam Webster's Vocabulary Builder Note
###### tags: `English`
## Unit 1
### BENE
Latin for ==$well$==. A *benefit* is a ==good result== or ==effect==

---

1. benediction
: ‣ A **prayer** that ==ask for God's blessing==, especially a prayer that conclude a **worship^*^ service**.
‣ A prayer asking God for help and protection for someone.

>* In the night of benediction, **they** glow bright as gold.

* `bene`+`dict`+`ion`
* `good,well`+`speaking`+`noun`
- Latin root $dictio$ is for `speaking`

:::info
:book: ++worship++ (v.) To have or show a **strong feeling of respect and admiration** for God
:book: ++darted out++ : to move quickly or suddenly
:::

---

2. benefactor
: ‣ ==Someone who helps another person==, especially by **giving money**.

>* Exhibitions held at most institutions were largely or entirely made up of objects donated by local private **benefactors**.

---

3. beneficiary
: ‣ A ==person or organization that benefits== or is expected to benefit ==from something==, especially one that receives money or property when someone dies.

>* Her wife was the chief beneficiary of her will.
>* Living in a trailer in near-poverty, she received word in email that her father had died, naming her as the sole **beneficiary of** his life-insurance policy.

* `beneficiary` is often used in connection with life insurance.
* `beneficiary` shows up in other context as well.
* **Restaurant may be a `beneficiary`** when the one across the street closes down and its whole lunch crowd starts coming in.

---

4. benevolence
: ‣ Kindness, generosity

>* His sunny, calm tone suggested a man of deep benevolence.
>* The company has a record of benevolence to good causes.
>* Delivery of humaneness - of compassion, kindness, sensitivity, and benevolence - is a powerful tool.

- `bene`+`volentia`
- `well, good`+`to wish`

---

### AM
come from the Latin $amare$, ==$to$ $love$==. The Roman god of love was known by Cupid and Amor, and $amigo$ is Spanish for "friend".

---

1. amicable
: ‣ Friendly, peaceful

>* Their relation with their in-law were generally amicable, despite some bickering during the holidays.
>* They stayed together almost a year and parted amicably.

- `amicable` often describe **relations between two groups**.
- ex. United States and Canada, sharing the longest border
- Often speak `amicable meeting` ,`amicable settlement`
- When describe more personal relation :
- indicate a rather **formal friendliness**
- after quarreling, **amicable good-byes**
- couples, **parted amicably**
---

2. enamored
: ‣ Charmed or fascinated; ==inflamed with love==.

>* …he would be **enamored of** a particular wine for a while, and then switch to a new one that caught his fancy.
>* William quickly became **enamored of** the town's rustic surroundings, its slow pace, and its eccentric characters.
>* Wild mushrooms were my first love. Long before I became **enamored with** green plants, I was stalking mushrooms …
>* He complaint that he isn't enamored of the new boss.

- `en`+`amore`+`d`
- `in, into`+`love`+`adj.`
:::info
:bulb: both **of** and **with** are commonly used after **enamored**.
:::

---

3. amorous
: ‣ Having or showing ==strong feelings of attraction or love==.
‣ Strongly moved by love and especially sexual love.

>* The opera centers around the amorous adventures/exploits of its handsome hero.
>* Amanda had rejected his **amorous advances**.
>* It turned out that the amorous Congressman had gotten his girlfriend a good job and was paying for her apartment.

- `amorous` when used for positive meaning :
- a couple smooching on a park bench
- a young couple who are always hugging and kissing.
- `amorous` used a bit **sarcastically** :
- When a tabloid newspaper gets hold of some scandalous photos and called the participant `the amorous pair`
- `amorous novel`
- of or relating to **love**

---

4. paramour
: ‣ A ==lover==, often ==secret==, not allowed by law or custom.

>* He had been coming to the house for two year before her brother realized that he was actually the paramour of their shy and withdrawn sister.

---

### BELL
Latin word meaning ==$war$==.

---

1. antebellum
: ‣ ==Exiting before a war==, especially before the American Civil War.

>* Many homes and churches of the antebellum South can still be visited today.
>* When WWI was over, the French nobility^*^ found it impossible to return to their extravagant^*^ way of life.

- `antebellum` often summon up images of **ease, elegance, and entertainment that disappear in the postwar years.**

:::info
:book: ++nobility++ (n.) The people of the highest social rank in a society, considered as a group
:book: ++extravagant++ (adj.) **Spending too much** money, or using too much of something
:::

---

2. bellicose
: ‣ Warlike, ==aggressive==, **quarrelsome**

>* The general made some bellicose statements about his country's military strength.
>* The Senate Republics, outraged by their treatment, were in a good mood.

- `bellicose` describes an attitude that **hopes actual war**:
- generally **applied to nations and their leader.**
- Noun `bellicosity` usually makes the rest of the world very uneasy.

---

3. belligerence
: ‣ ==Aggressiveness==, combativeness, eager to fight

>* The belligerence in William's voice told them that the warning was a serious threat.
>* Terrorism is a new and unprecedented form of belligerence, a new form of war.

- Belligerent :
- `belligerent` could be `noun.` or `adj.`
- `noun.`: a nation or people engage in a war or a conflict
- `adj.` : aggressive

:::info
:bulb: $bellicose$ v.s. $belligerence$
  `bellicose` : generally **applied to nations and their leader.**
  `belligerence` : **can be used at every level** from personal to the global
:::

---

4. rebellion
: ‣ ==Open defiance^*^ and opposition==, sometimes armed, to a person or thing in authority.

>* A student rebellion that afternoon in room 13 resulted in the new substitute teacher racing out of the building in tears.
>* Far from threatening democracy, the four rebellions may indeed have helped in its consolidation^*^.

- `rebellion` usually **involves a group**

:::info
:book: ++defiance++ (n.) behavior in which you refuse to obey someone or something
:book: ++consolidation++ (n.) the process of becoming or being made stronger and more certain

:::

---

### PAC
$PAC$  is related to the Latin word ==$agree$==, and ==$peace$==.

---
1. pacify
: ‣ To ==soothe== anger or agitation^*^
‣ To subdue by armed action

>* She resigned from her position to pacify her accusers.
>* It took the police hours to pacify the angry demonstrators.
>* Her soft lullabies could always pacify the unhappy infant.

- Someone stirred up by a strong feeling can usually `be pacified` by some words and the removal of its cause.
- Unhappy baby are given `pacifier` for sucking.
- An army can often **bring peace** by pure force, without soothing anyone's emotion.

:::info
:book: ++agitation++ (n.) A persistent and sustained attempt to arouse public feeling or influence public opinion
:::

---

2. pacifist
: ‣ ==A person== who opposes war or violence as a means of settling disputes.

>* The newspaper's editorial board has clearly staked out a pacifist position on the current conflict

---

3. pact
: ‣ An ==agreement== between two or more people or groups.
‣ A treaty or formal agreement between nations.

>* The girls made a **pact** never to reveal what happened on that terrifying night in the abandoned house.

- `pcat` is generally used in the field of international relations :
- ex. arms pact
- ex. trade pact
- ex. fishing-rights pact
- `pact` may also be used for any solemn agreement or promise **between two people**.

---

4. *pace*
: ‣ Contrary to the opinion of - usually used as an ==expression of deference^*^ to someone's contrary opinion==.

>* She had only three husband, ***pace*** some Hollywood historians who claim she had as many as six.
>* ***Pace*** everyone with a smartphone, I think e-mail is best written and read-and the wilds of the Internet best explored-in the privacy of one's own domicile.
>* The cost of the program, *pace* some commentators^*^, will not be significant.

- Use it when **correcting an opinion that many people believe.**
- `pace` mean `peace to them`, that is, to the people I mentioning , I don't want to start an argument, ==I just want to correct the fact==.

:::info
:bulb: pronunciation ‣ **'PAY-see**
:bulb: It's **used only by intellectual**, and often printed in *italics*, so the reader doesn't mistake it for another word.
:bulb: [Further explanation](https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/43593/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-word-pace)
:::
:::info
:book: ++deference++ (n.) Respect and politeness

:book: ++commentator++ (n.) One who reports and discusses news (as on television)
:::

---

### CRIM
It comes from the words for ==$fault$ $or$ $crime$==, or ==$accusation$==.

---

1. criminology
: ‣ The ==study of crime==, criminals, law enforcement, and punishment.

>* His growing interest in criminology led him to become a **probation officer**^*^.

:::info
:book: ++probation officer++ (n.) The **action of suspending the sentence** of a convicted offender and giving the offender freedom during good behavior under the supervision of a probation officer
:::

---

2. decriminalize
: ‣ To ==remove or reduce the criminal status== of (crime).

>* An angry debate over decriminalize doctor-assisted suicide raged all day in the statehouse.
>* the campaign to decriminalize marijuana

- `Decriminalization` of various ***victimless crimes***
- `Decriminalization` is not the same as *legalization*

---

3. incrimination
: ‣ To ==show evidence== of involvement in a crime or a fault

>* The muddy tracks leading to and from the cookie jar were enough to incriminate them.

- `in`+`crimina`+`tion`
- `into,in`+`crime`
- `incrimination` doesn't always refer to an actual crime.
- ex. A virus has been *incriminated* as the cause of a type of a cancer.
- ex. Video games have been incriminated in the decline in study skill among young people.

---

4. recrimination
: ‣ Arguments between people who are ==blaming each other==.
‣ The making of such an accusation.

>* Their failure to find help led to endless and pointless recriminations over responsibility for the accident.

- `re`+`crimina`+`tion`
- `back`+`crime`
- ex. Divorces and child-custody battle involve ***recrimination*** between husband and wife.

---

### PROB
Come from Latin words for ==prove and proof==, and ==honesty or integrity^*^==
:::info
:book: ++integrity++ (n.) the quality of being **honest** and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change
:::

---

1. approbation
: ‣ A ==formal== or official act of ==approving==; praise, usually given with pleasure or enthusiasm.

>* The senate signaled its approbation of the new plan by voting for it unanimously.

- noun of `approve`, but it's stronger than mere`approval`
- `approbation` example :
- an official commendation^*^ for bravery.
- A man being reelected to office ++by a wide margin++^*^ indicates **public approbation.**

:::info
:book: ++commendation++ : Praise, or an official statement that praises someone.
:book: ++by a wide margin++ : A large amount if something
:::

:::info
:bulb: approbation ‣ /ˌaprəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/
:::

---

2. probate
: ‣ The process or ==proving== in court that ==the will of someone== who has died is ==valid==, and of administering the estate of a dead person.

>* When her father died, she thought she would be able to avoid probate, but she wasn't that lucky.

---

3. probity
: ‣ Complete ==honesty==.

>* Her probity and integrity are beyond question.

- `probity` is a quality generally hopes for in its elected officials.
- People surrounded with an aura^*^ of probity
- ex. **Warren Buffet**, man whom many American would entrust^*^.

:::info
:book: ++entrust++ (v.) To give someone a thing or a duty for which they are responsible
:book: ++aura++ (n.) A feeling or character that a person or place seems to have
:::

---

4. reprobate
: ‣ A person of thoroughly ==bad character==.

>* Every time I see you, you're drunk, you old reprobate!
>* His wife finally left him, claiming he was a probate who would disappear a week at times, gambling and drinking away all his money.

- related verb `reprove`^*^ , which originally mean `someone condemned to hell`.
- Now it has been said in a tone of `joshing affection`^*^ , usually to describe someone of ==doubtful morals but good humor==.

:::info
:book: ++reprove++ (v.) To tell someone that you disapprove of their bad or silly behavior
:book: ++josh++ (v.) To joke, often in order to tease someone (in a humorous way)
:::

---
:::warning
**Page 12 Quizzzz vocabularies**

:book: ++fraud++ : The crime of getting money by deceiving people

:book: ++acquit++ : To decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime

:book: ++trial++ : The hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter

:book: ++scoundrel++ : A person, especially a man, who treats other people very badly and has no moral principles

:book: ++utter++ : ‣ To say something or to make a sound with your voice
      ‣ Complete or extreme
:book: ++rascal++ : A person, especially a child or a man, who does things that you disapprove of, but who you still like

:::

### GRAV
Comes from Latin word meaning ==$heavy, weighty, serious$==.

---

1. grave
: ‣ Requiring serious thought or concern.
‣ Serious and formal in appearance or manner.

>* We realized that the situation was grave and that the slightest incident could spark all-out war.

- Something `grave` possess `gravity`

---

2. gravitas
: ‣ ==Seriousness== and importance of manner, causing ==feelings of respect== and trust in others.

>* He's an effective enough politician but somehow he lacks the statesmanlike gravitas of a world leader.
>* The head of the committee never failed to carry herself with the gravitas she felt was appropriate to her office.
>* At their father's funeral they showed the same solemn gravitas at which they had often laughed during his lifetime.

---

3. gravitate
: ‣ To move or ==be drawn toward something==, especially by natural tendency or as if by an invisible force.

>* On hot evenings, the town's social life gravitated toward the lakefront, where you could stroll the long piers^*^ eating ice cream or dance at the Casino.

- Ex.
- young people `gravitate toward` a role model
- moths `gravitate to` a flame
- A conversation might `gravitate toward` politics.

:::success
:camera: ++piers++ : [click me](https://i.imgur.com/wJpPjje.jpg)
:::

---

4. aggravate
: ‣ To make(an injury, problem, etc.)more serious or severe.
‣ To annoy or brother.

>* She went back to the soccer team before the knee was completely healed, which naturally aggravate the injury.
>* It really aggravates me when the car won’t start, after all the money we put into it.
>* Even the smallest motion would aggravate the pain in his shoulder.

- `ag`+`grav`+`ate`
- `do, act, drive`+`serious`+`verb.`

---
### LEV
Comes form Latin adj. $levis$, meaning ==$light$== , and the verb $levare$, meaning ==$to$ $raise$ $or$ $lighten$==

---
1. alleviate
: ‣ To ==lighten , lessen, or relieve==, especially physical or mental suffering.

>* Cold compresses alleviated the pain pf physical injury, but only time could alleviate the effect of the insult.
>* The neighboring nation organized an airlift of supplies to alleviate the suffering caused by the drought.

- to `alleviate` is ==not== to cure.

:::info
:book: ++anguish++(n.) Extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering.
:::

---

2. elevation
: ‣ The ==height of a place==.
‣ The act of ==result of lifting== or raising someone or something.

>* Her doctor is concerned about the elevation of her blood pressure since her last visit.

---

3. cantilever
: ‣ A ==long piece of wood, metal==,etc., that sticks out from a wall to support something above it.

>* The house deck, supported by cantilevers, jutted^*^ out dramatically over the rocky slope, and looking over the edge made him dizzy.

- Ex. Grand Canyon **Skywalk**.

:::info
:book: ++jut++ : To (cause to) stick out, especially above or past the edge or surface of something
:::

:::success
:camera: ‣ [click me](http://civilmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Cantilever-Beam.jpg)
:::

---

4. levity
: ‣ ==Lack== of appropriate ==seriousness==

>* With Dud, Russell maintains a sense of levity even when things get dark.
>* A brief moment of levity amid the solemn proceedings

- `synonym` : $frivolity$

:::info
:book: ++stern++ : Severe, or showing disapproval
:::

---

### Words from Myth & History P.17
---
1. ***cicerone***
: ‣ A guide, especially one who takes tourists to museum, monuments, or architectural sites and explains what is being seen.

>* On Crete they sought out on a highly recommended cicerone, hoping to receive the best possible introduction to the noteworthy historical sites.

:::info
:book: ++orator++ : someone who is good at public speaking
:book: ++eloquent++ : giving a clear, strong message
:::

---

2. ***hector***
: ‣ To bully or harass by bluster or personal pressure.

>* He would swaggger around the apartment entrance with his friends and hector the terrified inhabitants going in and out.

:::info
:book: ++bluster++ : to speak in a loud, angry, or offended way, usually with little effect
:book: ++slay (p.p‣slain)++ : to kill in a violent way
:book: ++rowdies++ : a noisy and disorderly person.
:::

---

3. hedonism
: ‣ An attitude of way of life based on the idea that pleasure and happiness should be the chief idea.

>* In her new spirit of hedonism, she went out for a message, picked up champagne and chocolate truffles, and made a date that evening with an boyfriend.

---

4. nestor
: ‣ A senior figure or leader in one's field.

>* The guest of honor was **a nestor among** journalist, and after dinner she shared some of his wisdom with the audience.

---
5. ***spartan***
: ‣ A senior figure or leader in one field.

>* When he was single, he had lived a spartan life in a tiny, undecorated apartment with one chair, a table, and a bed.

:::info
:book: ++resort++^(1)^ : a place where many people go for rest, sport, or another stated purpose

:book: ++resort++^(2)^ : the fact that you have to do something because there is no other way of achieving something

:::

---
6. ***stentorian***
: ‣ Extremely loud, often with especially deep richness of sound.

>* Even without a microphone, his stentorian voice was clearly audible n the last rows of the auditorium.

:::info
:book: ++proclamation++ : an official announcement
:::

---

7. ***stoic***
: ‣ Seemingly indifferent to pleasure or pain.

>* She bore the pain of her broken leg with such stoic patience that most of us had no idea she was suffering.

:::success
:movie_camera: [click me](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9OCA6UFE-0) to watch more about $stoicism$

:::

---

8. ***sybaritic***
: ‣ Marked by a luxurious or sensual way of life.

>* When I knew that they were living a sybaritic existence-hopping from resort to resort, each more splendid than the last-but a year later the money ran out.

:::info
:book: ++sensual++ : expressing or suggesting physical, especially sexual, pleasure or satisfaction
:book: ++diverted++^(1)^ : to cause something or someone to change direction
:book: ++diverted++^(2)^ : to use something for a different purpose
:book: ++diverted++^(3)^ : to take someone's attention away from something
:::

---

:::warning
**Page 20 Quizzzz vocabularies**

:book: ++commissioner++ : an important official who has responsibility in a government department or another organization

:book: ++revolt++^(1)^ : If a large number of people revolt, they refuse to be controlled or ruled, and take action against authority, often violent action.
:book: ++revolt++^(2)^ : to make someone feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted
:book: ++long-winded++ : A long-winded speech, letter, article, etc. is too long, or uses too many words.
:::

---

## Unit 2
### MANIA
In Latin mean ==$madness$==, and the meaning passed into English unchanged.
Word $mania$ can mean ==a mental illness==, or ==an excessive enthusiasm==.

---

1. kleptomania
: ‣ A mental illness in which a ==person has a strong desire to steal thing==.

>* Kleptomania lead its suffers to steal items of little value that they don't need anyway.

- `Klepto` come from the Greek word, meaning **to steal**.

---

2. dipsomaniac
: ‣ A person with an extreme and ==uncontrollable desire for alcohol==.

>* She didn't like the word **alcoholic** being applied to her, and liked dipsomaniac even less.

- `dipsa` come from the Greek word, meaning **thirst**
- Some experts reserve `dipsomania` for someone involved in ==frequent episode of binge^*^ drinking an blackout.==

:::info
:book: ++binge++ : an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, especially eating, drinking, or spending money
:::

---

3. megalomaniac
: ‣ A mental disorder marked by feelings of great personal power and importance.

>* When the governor started calling for arming his National Guard with nuclear weapons, the voters finally realized they had elected a megalomaniac.

- `megalo` mean ==large== in Greek
- `megalomaniac` is generally thrown around as an insult and rarely refers to real mental illness.

:::info
:book: ++grandeur++ : /ˈɡræn.dʒɚ/ The quality of being very large and special or beautiful
:book: ++afflict++ : If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it.
:book: ++paranoia++ : An extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you
:::

---

4. egomaniac
: ‣ Someone who is extremely self-centered and ignores the problems and concerns of others.

>* He's a completely unimpressive person, but that doesn't keep him from being an egomaniac.

:::info
:book: ++grandiose++ : larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great
:::

---

### PSYCH
comes form Greek work $psyche$, meaning ==breath, life, soul==

:::info
:book: ++prescribe++ : (of a doctor) to say what medical treatment someone should have.
:::

---

1. psyche
: ‣ Soul, personality, mind

>* Analysts are constantly trying to understand the nation's psyche and why the U.S. often behaves so differently from other countries.
>* Peru is a very traditional country, and embedded in its psyche is a love of ceremony.

:::info

:book: ++redeem++ : To make something or someone seem less bad

:::

---

2. psychedelic
: ‣ (of a drug) causing effects on the mind, such as feelings of deep understanding or unusually strong experiences of color , sound, taste, and touch

>* In her only psychedelic experience, back in 1970, she had watched with horror as the walls began crawling with bizarrely colored creatures.

:::info
:book: ++hallucination++ : an experience in which you see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not exist, usually because you are ill or have taken a drug
:book: ++fungus++ (UK pl.‣ fungi ) : any of various types of organisms that get their food from decaying material or other living things

:::

---

3. psychosomatic
: ‣ ==Caused by mental or emotional== problems rather than by physical illness.

>* Her doctor assumed her stomach problem were psychosomatic but gave her some harmless medication anyway.

- psycho`soma`tic mean ==$body$== in Greek

---

4. psychotherapist
: ‣ One who treat mental or emotional disorder or related bodily ills by psychological.

>* He's getting medication from a psychiatrist, but it's his session with the psychotherapist that he really values.

---

### CEPT
comes from the Latin verb meaning ==$take, seize$==
(the words below are harder to find its meaning)

---

1. reception (receiving)
: ‣ The ==act of receiving==
‣ A ==social gathering== where guests are formally welcomed.

>* Although the reception of her plan by the board of directors was enthusiastic, it was months before anything was done about it.

---

2. intercept (seize)
: ‣ To stop, seize, or interrupt(something or someone)before arrival.

>* The explosive had been intercepted by policed just before being loaded onto the jet.

- `inter-` means ==$between$==

---

3. perceptible (noticed)
: ‣ Noticeable or able to be felt by the sense.

>* Her change in attitude to ward him was barely perceptible, and he couldn't be sure he wasn't just imagine it.

- `per-` meaning ==$through$==
- whatever can ==be taken== in ==through== the sense

:::info

:book: ++perception++ : a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem

:::

---

4. susceptible (influence)
: ‣ ==easily influenced== or harmed by something
‣ (especially of an idea or statement) able to be understood, proved, explained, etc. in a particular way

>* She impressed everyone immediately with her intelligence, so they're now highly susceptible ti her influence and usually go along with anything she propose.
>* A sickly child may be susceptible to colds.
>* A lonely elderly person may be susceptible to what a con man tells him on the phone.

---

### FIN
comes from the Latin word for ==$end$== or ==$boundary$==
(its meaning is harder to trace in some of the other English word)

---

1. confine (limit)
: ‣ To keep (something or someone) within limits.
‣ To hold (someone) in a location.

>* He had heard the bad news from the CEO, but when he spoke to his employees he confines his remark to a few hints that sales had slipped.
>* The discussion at a meeting may is confined to a single topic.

---

2. definitive (ultimate)
: ‣ not able to be changed or improved
‣ Specifying perfectly or precisely

>* The team's brilliant research provide a definitive of the virus and its strange mutation patterns.

:::info
:book: ++mutation++ : the way in which genes change and produce permanent differences
:::

---

3. finite (limited)
: ‣ Having ==definite limits==.

>* Her ambitions were infinite, but her wealth was finite.

---

4. infinitesimal (very tiny)
: ‣ Extremely or immeasurably small.

>* Looking more closely at the research data, he now saw an odd pattern of changes so infinitesimal that they hadn't been noticed before.

- something ==endlessly== small

---

### JECT
Latin verb mean ==throw== or ==hurl==

---
1. interject (interrupt)
: ‣ To interrupt a conversation with a comment or remark.

>* His anger was growing as he listened to the conversation, and every so often he would interject a crude comment.

:::info
:book: ++crude++ : simple and not skilfully done or made
:::

---

2. conjecture (guess)
: ‣ To guess

>* There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage.

- `con` mean `together`

---

3. projection (estimation, finance)
: ‣ An estimate of what might happen in the future based on what is happening now.

>* The president has been hearing deficit projections all week from the member of his economic team.

- Most projection of this kind are ==estimate of a company's sales or profits==.

:::info
:book: ++deficit++ : the total amount by which money spent is more than money received

:::

---

4. trajectory (physic, curve)
: ‣ the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air

>* the trajectory of a bullet/missile
>* a new book traces the long trajectory of the French empire.

---

### TRACT
comes from $trahere$, the Latin verb meaning ==drag== or ==draw==

---

1. traction (pulling force)
: ‣ The friction that allows a moving thing to move over a surface without slipping.

>* The spinning wheels were getting no traction on the ice, and we began to slip backward down the hill.

:::info
:book: ++ridge++ : a long, narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain

:::

---

2. retract
: ‣ To pull back (sth.) into something larger.
‣ To take back (something said or reply)

>* She was forced to retract her comment about her opponent after it was condemned in the press.

---

3. protracted (drawn out)
: lasting for a long time or made to last longer than necessary

>* No one was looking forward to a protracted struggle for custody of the baby.
>* A protracted rainy spell may rot the roots of vegetables.

:::info
:book: ++spell++ : a period of time for which an activity or condition lasts continuously
:book: ++drawn out++ : lasting longer than is usual or necessary
:::

---

4. intractable (difficult)
: Not easily handled, led, taught, controlled.

>* Corruption in the army was the country's intractable problem, and for many years all foreign aid had ended up in the colonel's pocket.

:::info
:book: ++colonel++ : /ˈkɝː.nəl/ an officer of high rank in the army or air force

:::

---

### DUC/DUCT
come from Latin verb $ducere$, ==to lead==

:::info

:book: ++duke++ : basically mean `leader`

:::

---

1. conducive
: ‣ Tending to promote, encourage

>* She found the atmosphere in the quite café conducive to study and even to creative thinking.

- `condusive` is almost always followed by `to`

:::info
:book: ++cozy++ (U.S) : comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being small and warm

:::

---

2. deduction
: ‣ Subtraction
‣ The reaching of a conclusion by reasoning

>* Foretelling the future by deduction based on a political or economic theory has proved to be extremely difficult.
>* Through a process of **deduction**, the detectives discovered the identity of the killer.
>* The interest I receive on my savings account is **paid after the deduction of tax.**

---

3. induce (persuade, cause)
: ‣ ==Persuade==, influence
‣ ==Bring about==.

>* induce a friend to a concert. (gently)
>* To induce him to make the call we had to promise we would do it again.

- Inducing is usually gentle persuasion
- `inducement` are occasionally a bit menacing.
- ex. Like Godfather's offer that you can't refuse.

:::info
:book: ++menace++ : a dangerous quality that makes you think someone is going to do something bad
:::

---

4. seduction
: ‣ Temptation to sin, especially ==temptation to sexual intercourse==.
‣ Attraction or charm.

>* The seductions of life in a warm climate have led many Britons to live abroad, especially in Spain.
>* The film depicts Charlotte's seduction by her boss.
>* Advertisement often seduce us into buying sth.
>* They arrive conclusion quickly by simple deduction.

:::info
:book: ++intercourse++ : the act of having sex
:::

---

### SEQU
come from Latin verb $sequi$, meaning ==to follow==

---

1. sequential
: ‣ Arranged in order or in a series.
‣ Following in a series.

>* In writing the history of the revolution, his challenge was to put all the events of those fateful days in proper in sequential order.

:::info
:book: ++fateful++ : having an important and usually negative effect on the future
:::

---

2. subsequent
: ‣ Following in time, order, or place;
‣ later

>* Those explosions must have been subsequent to our departure, because we didn't hear anything.
>* Through all her subsequent love affairs, she never stopped thinking about the man who got away.
>* I subsequently(later) learned the real story.

- `TIME` : All our subsequent attempts to contact her failed.
- `ORDER` : The subsequent houses in the list looked even worst.
- `PLACE` : The subsequent villages on the river heading east become steadily more primitive.

---

3. consequential
: ‣ Resulting
‣ Important (will produce large consequences)

>* None of our discussion thus far has been consequential;next week's meeting will be the important one.

- consequential losses

:::info
:book: ++thus far++ : until now
:::

---

4. non sequitur
: A statement that does not follow logically from anything previously said.

>* Rattled by the question, his mind went blank, and he **blurted out** a non sequitur that **fetched a few laughs** from member of the audience.

:::info
:book: ++rattle++ : to worry someone or make someone nervous
:book: ++blurt out++ : /blɝːt/ to say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are excited or nervous
:book: ++fallacy++ : /ˈfæl.ə.si/
:::

---

### Words from Mythology

---

1. Apollonian
: Harmonious, ordered, rational, clam

>* After a century of Romantic emotion, some composers adopted a more Apollonian style, producing clearly patterned pieces that avoided extremes of all kind.

:::info
:book: ++prophecy++ : a statement that says what is going to happen in the future, especially one that is based on what you believe about a particular matter rather than existing facts
:::

---

2. bacchanalian
: Frenzied, orgiastic

>* The bacchanalian partying on graduation night resulted in three wrecked cars, two lawsuit by unamused parent, and more new experience than most of the participants could remember the next day.

:::info
:book: ++orgiastic++ : An orgiastic activity involves wild, uncontrolled behavior and feelings of great pleasure and excitement.
:book: ++frenzied++ : uncontrolled and excited, sometimes violent
:::

---

3. delphic
: Unclear, ambiguous, or confusing

:::info
:book: ++oracle++ :
:::

---

5.

## Unit 3
### AMBI
means ==on both side==