William Chiu
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    # CNC教學筆記 ![](https://i.imgur.com/tX3FI3B.jpg) ## CNC ? 蛤 ? > CNC全名為**Computer Numerical Control又稱電腦數值控制** > 可以使用電腦操作與程式控制的機器,我們可以透過軟體輸入檔案,加工出想要的成品 痾...是不是看不懂哩? 其實更直覺的想法可以理解成 :::info :bulb: 一把快速旋轉的刀或者鑽頭,透過一層一層的切銷,把不要的東西一層層的切掉,最後留下的就是我們的成品 ! ::: 社辦CNC機器型號為Roland MDX-40A,除了不能做金屬加工,剩下的材料大部分都適合,可以使用洗刀洗去不想要的部分,精度高達0.01mm ## 工作流程 ```mermaid graph LR 畫出3D圖檔 --> 丟到SrpPlayer產生刀路 --> 固定毛料 --> 定位使用者原點 ``` ```mermaid graph LR 裝上刀具 --> 定位Z軸 --> 加工(換刀之類的) --> 成品 --> 拆下刀頭 --> 清理環境 ``` ## 軟體設定安裝 首先,先來安裝軟體吧! 我們會用到的軟體有三:Vpanel、ClickMILL、SRP Player(唯一一個需要裝在自己筆電上的軟體) 1. ==Vpanel== 電腦與CNC機器連接後,可用Vpanel中視覺圖像化的操作頁面,控制材料的移動、校正XYZ軸、輸入要進行加工的檔案 2. ==ClickMILL== 簡單操作CNC機器的軟體,可以進行簡單的加工,像是表面磨平或鑽孔 3. ==SRP Player== 一種免費CAM軟體(Computer-Aided Manufacturing,電腦輔助製造),可以做到從3D CAD檔案經過電腦運算、人工參數調整後,產出CNC機器看得懂的檔案的軟體 SRP Player 安裝 1. 安裝setup檔,在25D_WIN8X64_v120資料夾當中,下拉到最下方有SETUP.exe,機器型號選擇Roland MDX-40 2. 手動增加印表機,這時電腦應該可以感應到Roland MDX-40 3. 在SRPplayerCD資料夾中找到software資料夾,並安裝裡面的軟體 4. 進入srpplayerv142資料夾中,進行軟體更新 5. 安裝完成 SRP Player 初始設定 1. 點選安裝好的程式,進到初始化和偏好設定 2. 選擇**選擇未在清單中但支持的切割機**,並點選我們的型號 3. 在偏好設定中,標準選擇mm 4. 刀具選擇以毫米為單位的square與ball刀具,從0.5mm到6mm 5. 初始設定完成 ## 機器概念 (安全至上!) CNC機器為精密加工的機器,透過刀具或鑽頭快速轉動,平面沿XY軸左右移動,刀具藉由Z軸上下移動,一層層切削掉我們不想要的部分,精確度非常高 ==按鍵== 1. **EStop紅色按鈕,發生緊急狀況可以瞬間物理斷電** 2. view,在切削過程中想看一下半成品,可以按一下view鍵,機器或暫停動作,並將工作臺移至面前,觀察完可以再按三秒view鍵,機器會繼續工作 3. 上和下鍵,可以微調Z軸 ==設備== : 刀具、平面、Z sensor、扳手(10mm、17mm)、兩萬塊很重小心不要被刮傷的抽屜 ==材料== : 壓克力、代木、木頭、ABS、塑鋼等等 一般而言,在罩子打開的情況下是無法操作機器左右、上下移動,但**我們把保護機關短路**,方便觀察或校正等等,所以在罩子打開的時候也要特別注意。 CNC機器以刀具為Z軸,洗床為XY平面,座標想像洗床不動,動的是刀具 假如以最後view的角度來看的話,我們應該是要按-Y鍵,將洗床移到較中央的位置(因為想像刀具-Y接近洗床),這樣就可掌握XY軸方向 切削可以單面、雙面、多面,但在非單面加工必須注意座標,雙面可用定位梢沿其中一軸旋轉 ## 機器設定安裝 在每次切削前都要先想一下: 1. 有定義XY原點了嗎 2. 校正Z軸了嗎 3. 刀具夾好、換好了嗎 4. Z sensor收納好了嗎 5. 工件固定好了嗎 XY原點 通常設定在工件的中心附近 Z軸校正 1. Z sensor 將感應器放在工件平面,先將刀具下移、洗床左右移動接近感應器,按下Z detector,定位Z軸原點 2. 用紙定位 將薄紙放在工件上,刀具向下移動,體會只拉不動的時候,將Z軸定義原點 刀具替換 右手17mm扳手、左手10mm扳手,在上下兩個螺帽,在替換、裝刀具的時候,要邊抓刀具,刀具真的很脆弱qq 換下刀具時,左右手向外掰 鎖緊刀具時,左右手向內轉 工件固定 工作平面上要先鋪好卡點西德紙等等,工件下要先有一塊代木避免切銷到平面,同時可以墊高工件,避免刀具不夠深 工件可以使用雙面膠與瞬間膠固定 ## 開切吧! 有想要大展身手的作品嗎?現在開始實作吧! ==產生刀路== SRP player是一款簡易的CAM軟體 可以透過它引導的五步驟,從一開始的繪圖檔案轉換成CNC看的懂的檔案~ 1. 匯入檔案,確認檔案大小與要切削的角度 2. 調整切削的模式,面對有弧度的作品我們通常選擇=>Better Surface finish, Model with many curved surface;第三個選擇切削單面或雙面 3. 創建刀路,先輸入毛料的大小、材質,按下enter 後進入edit 調整粗加工和精加工的參數,像分別用什麼刀頭,有沒有特別想要加工的區塊等等,完成後回到原本版面,按create tool path,回到粗加工、精加工點選可以看到產生的刀路 4. 可以預覽切削完的樣子與工作時長 5. 輸出檔案,要選擇切削的XY原點 ###### tags: `創客社`

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