# FPM notes

## Deliverable Two
### Task 3
- 1 Conception (Erik)
- No sub-phases
- Formulating games vision and main goals
- Define Requirements
- Choosing the dates and duration, first draft of sports and events programms (This happens before the Election of the host city, not later than 3 years prior to the openning of the games)
- Seak out willing sponsors
- Election of the Host City (Milestone) (around 7 years before the games!!)

- 2 Planning (Pedro)
- 2.1 Formal planning
- Endorsement of the Olympic Host Contract (executed in Buenos Aires 1 month(07.08.2013-06.09.2013))
- Creation of the Tokyo Organizing Committee (OCOG) (5 months (24.08.2013-24.01.2014))
- First cost estimation, calculate amount of visitors and needed infrastructure (5 months(24.01.2014-24.06.2014))
- Constitutional meeting of the OCOG (2.1b) (Milestone 24.01.2014)
- 2.2 Design planning
- Setup the Olympic Village (3a) (Start: 2015. Goes through until a week before the games)(04.01.2015-23.07.2020)
- Design culture program (Duration: 5 months. To be launched in May 2016)(04.01.2016-24.05.2016)
- choose logo and mascot, design medals (Duration: 2 years. Logo will be chosen out of a public competition in 2016. Mascot designs will be submitted the first 2 weeks of august 2017. School children choose their favorite in January 2018. Winner announced in March 2018. Mascots name will be announced in July 2018.) (24.08.2016-24.07.2018)
- Organising the ceremonies (opening/closing) (start in December 2017, for 5 months) (01.12.17-04.04.18)
- -The design planning is completed, and all design documents are done. (Milestone)
- 2.3 Convocation
- Deciding on number of participants and prepare invitations (2 months) (24.05.19-24.07.2019)
- Send invitations to the NOCs(2.3a) (Milestone) (one year before opening ceremony!!) (24.07.2019)

- 3 Specification (Erik)
- No sub-phases
- Await NOC responses for total number of partcipants (2.3b)
- Final schedules, competitions and daily timetables (not later than two years prior to the OG)
- Contracts with external partners (like hotels, transports and food)
- Contracts with sponsors (1d)
- Acquision of all necesary products and expertise
- Organization of Doping Tests (number and methods for selection of competitors)
- Design safety plans
- Organize the torch relay
- Organize test events
- Publish daily timetables (3b) (Milestone)

- 4 Realization (Luca)
- 4.1 Pilot
- Test facilities (3i) (same time like test events)
- Run test events (there are a lot off different test events in different time slots; start of the first test event is on 09 September 2018 and the end of the last event is on 21 Mai 2021)
- Check all planned/needed services
- Evaluation and correction of test run (start after the first test event and ends with final meeting before the games: 17.09.2018-16.07.2021)
- Final meeting (4.1d) (Milestone) (16.07.2021)
- 4.2 Total implementation (Olympics will be held from 23 July until 8 August 2021 (16 days)) (before the Games were postponed they were scheduled from 24 July to 09 August 2020)
- Securing structures and areas
- Preparation of facilities (e.g. Installation of drinks and food stands, Installation of first aid points) (4.2a)
- Opening ceremony (4.2b) (23 July 2021)
- Dynamic controling of timetables and changes implementation (4.2c)
- Closing Ceremony (4.2d) (Milestone) (08 August 2021)

- 5 Closure and total evaluation (Luca)
- no sub phases
- Evaluation and control
- Ensure cleaning of areas
- Final report and event summary
- submit report to IOC (Milestone)

## to-do:
### Procedural Planning (Luca)
### Milestone Planning (Erik)
### Resource Planning (Pedro)

#### Argumentation for Conception:
The applications for the Games take years of planning itself [^9].

#### Argumentation for Spezification:
The doping test preparation takes about nine months prior to the Games.[^10]
Contracting sponsors and external partners is flexible work that mostly takes place in meetings with them. sixty days for meetings each and another month for defining requirements for external partners. Finding good experts can require headhunting, so planning for half a year should be enough.
The torch relay planning has to have benn started on 23.5.18 [^11] and finished on 1.6.19 [^12].
Safety planning is considered while picking locations and developed until the games start (~three years).

### Sources used

[^1]: https://www.ittf.com/2019/07/24/tokyo-2020-year-go-lot-come/

[^2]: https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1105439/government-delegations-tokyo-2020-cut

[^3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics#Participating_National_Olympic_Committees

[^4]: https://olympics.com/ioc/news/great-excitement-in-japan-as-3-2-million-tickets-sold-during-first-phase-of-sales

[^5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games#Sports

[^6]: https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/organising-committee/officer/

[^7]: https://shotarohondamoore.medium.com/five-things-japan-is-doing-in-preparation-for-the-2020-tokyo-olympic-games-bab2cead1e56

[^8]: https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Documents/Host-City-Elections/XXXIII-Olympiad-2024/Host-City-Contract-2024-Operational-Requirements.pdf

[^9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics#cite_note-13

[^10]: https://ita.sport/event/olympic-games-tokyo-2020/

[^11]: http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__63595/Title__Tokyo-2020-Torch-Relay-Shrouded-in-Secrecy/292/Articles

[^12]: https://ishikawa2020-relay.jp/en/order.html

https://www.willistowerswatson.com/en-US/Insights/2020/08/tokyo-2021-the-risks-facing-the-olympics
-great article on the risks posed to the games

https://www.britannica.com/list/7-ways-hosting-the-olympics-impacts-a-city generally how olympic games impact a host city

## Archive
### Deliverable 1
#### Task 1a

- Fighting against desertification in Peru (Piura)
- [x] Time Limit- Given - The goal is to plant 1 500 000 trees from december 2019 to april 2022, with a planting period from december to mach each year.
- [x] Novelty- High - The project presents a new challenge, since the climate is extremely arid and local communities are affected by frequent water shortages. Hence, the soil is dry. Plus, desertification is accelerated by illegal logging.
- [x] Uniqueness- medium/low - there are a lot of reforestation forests going on
- [x] Size- Big - there are a lot of trees to be planted, plus there is technical support needed and of course, a lot of donations. Implementation involves many stakeholders and can take long.
- [x] Complexity - High - There are plenty of subtasks, like studying the quality of the soil and how to make it good enough for plants to grow, plant the trees, take care of them, raise awareness among villagers about sustainable agriculture and the importance of preserving the forests, etc...

- Yellow ribbon, the harvest project (GELBES BAND – DAS ERNTEPROJEKT)
- [x] Time Limit- Given - Until the end of summer 2021 . Owners of fruit trees can register to get a yellow tape to put in their trees and share their fruit with others to reduce food waste.
- [x] Novelty- Medium - It presents a challenge, not a huge one though. It is a challenge to organize this activities, since it is not something that is done throughout the entire year.
- [x] Uniqueness- High - It is a new and original idea.
- [x] Size- Medium - Just people who have threes with fruits are concerned by this project. Therefore it is not a huge project, but it has a big impact on reducing food waste.
- [x] Complexity - Medium - There are not plenty of subtasks, it is mainly organizing the distribution of the tapes, creating and publishing a location map with registered fruit trees, information, etc.

- Bicycle connection for a fast ride (Radschnellverbindung) – Berlin Tiergarten to Berlin Marzahn-Hellersdorf (in planning)
- [x] Time limit: is given, shell be finished in 2026; there is also a small overview given
- [x] novelty - low/medium, a lot of bycicle tirals already exist however not in the same way as planned here; it is also part of a new challenge: the climate change a particular current problem which; obviously it is not the main project which will stop climate change but it could be a good move in the right direction
- [x] Uniqueness:medium, there is already such a bicycle connection which connect other parts of the city however the new one is not exactly the same you have some other requirements and it connects other places with each other therefore uniqueness is given
- [x] size: medium-big,you have to consider many requirements and compare different possibilities of execution with each other
- [x] complexity: the project is quiet complex, there is need of a feasibility study which looks at different possible ways for the connection, you try to promote a project which is especially against the automotive industry therefore you have to convince the citizens to use this connection

- ~~Alternative Project: Super Trees in singapore:~~
- [x] time limit: is given
- [x] novelty: high, there is no comparable project
- [x] uniqueness: high,
- [x] size: big, 18 towers of steel and reinforced concrete which all have different functions and abilities, for example they build a home for a lot of different and endangered plants, some of them have solar panels or clean up the air
- [x] complexity: big, there are differences among the 18 trees, so each tree is a new challenge
- https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/practice/about
- https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/projects/cooled-conservatories-gardens-by-the-bay

- ~~Corona Warn App~~
- [x] Time Limit - ASAP
- [x] Novelty - High, contractors are doing mainly other stuff
- [x] Uniqueness - Medium, contract tracing protocols are already developed. Implementation and usage for COVID-19 is new.
- [x] Size - small to medium, 190k lines of code in android app, documenting, website
- [x] Complexity - Software dev, Marketing, strategy
- https://github.com/corona-warn-app/cwa-documentation

chosen Project: **Tokyo Olympic Games 2020**

## Deliverable One

#### Task 1a

- Tokyo Olympic Games 2020
- [x] Time Limit
The project has a hard time limit on the 25.07.2020.[^1]

- [x] Novelty - High
Even tho the Olympic games are hardly a new task to overcome,
the circumstances under what to plan the games are always new.
The organisation team swaps with every Olympic games.
The members are from very mixed origins. People have for
example a background in sports (managment or physical, etc.),
a few are politicians and many are employed in the private sector.[^6]
**Preparations** also differ wildly from country to country and
year to year. What building do we need? Which can we use?
Do we have enough infrastructure for all these people? etc.
Japan specific preparations were for example changing the smoking
policy in restaurants and increasing the education in english.[^7]

- [x] Uniqueness - Medium
To hold the Olympic Games isn't such a unique task in itself.
Many sports don't change over the years.
That means required buildings and resources are mostly known.
But Tokyo 2020 introduces four new sport categories, plus
Softball which wasn't part of the catalog for the last two Olympics.[^5]
<!-- The organization of the olympics games is done by the National Olympic Comitte of the host country as well as of the host city. The NOC forms, for that purpose, an OCOG = Organizing Committee Olympic Games. The Organising Committee starts its work with a period of planning followed by a period of organisation which culminates in the implementation or operational phase at Games time. opposed to usually where the NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games. They may nominate cities within their respective areas as candidates for future Olympic Games. NOCs also promote the development of athletes and training of coaches and officials at a national level within their geographies. -->

- [x] Size - Huge
They host more than 18 non-athletes per country and 205 expected nations
to participate.[^2][^3]
The event spans over 37 different categories of sports.[^5]
Plus millions of tickets sold.[^4]
- [x] Complexity - Immense
For the games there are many preparations to be made.
The Committee has to make diplomatic negotiations with most
of the countries from earth.
They need to plan what infrastructure they need to have or to build
and then rent or build them.
The risk assesment is not quite simple as well, more on that later.
Additional task needed taken care of are:
- clothing
- drug cheating
- food/drinks
- tickets
- sponsors
- security
- healthcare
- media coverage
- transportaion (infrastructure)
- etc.

- Useful links:

https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/General/EN-Olympic-Charter.pdf?_ga=2.241383360.339150879.1620203822-1601752079.1620203822

#### Task 2c
#### 2.3

The following extract of a requirements assessment should give the committee an idea of the scope and diversity for planning. In the course of time the organisers have to obtain the necessary funding for all requirements through sponsors, government, etc. These resources then have to be used to overcome all the mandatory challenges listed under 2.3.4.

In order to hold a friendly and succesfull event it has to abide to the "fundamental principles of Olympism" [^8](p. 13). (The following chapter uses this document as a source.) The Goal of the games is to hold competition in sport amongst the nations. It encourages a unified development of humankind and advocates peace between the nations.

For the hosting city and nation it is desirable to be welcoming to all participants for increases in tourism and diplomatic connections on a global scale.

In 2.3.4 the first ten requirements is what the games have to achieve. These are influenced by many stakeholders, bu mainly by the IOC which provides the Host City Contract[^8].

The second ten requirements are more focused on requirements from other stakeholders like the public of Japan/Tokyo and sponsors. Some requirements are additions to the first ten as a "nice to have".

The committee should focus on the requirements listed in the first half.
It should keep in mind that many requirements have different time constraints and can be dependent on each other.

#### 2.3.1 Schedule

The event has tight time constraints especially for the start. The start of the Olympics should only be postponed under very rare circumstances. The risk assessment should compensate for almost every forseeable circumstances. For this not only the planning for the opening ceremony or the sport events have to be very well planned, but the torch relay has to be on time as well, which is almost a complete different project. While the games are running there is a bit leeway on the time constraints. Rescheduling of certain sports can be possible. The committee has to manage the localities in such a case, so that there are no overlaps.

#### 2.3.2 Budget

The committee has to keep in mind that many services in the runtime of the games are to be provided for free. A stable source of income would be ticket sales which shouldn't be sold too early. In the early stages of planning the committee has to rely on sponsors and government funding. For additional budget constraints the committee has to cover all the mandatory expenses but can at their judgement recruit many sponsors to cover extra fees.

#### 2.3.3 Scope

The committee has to keep in mind that they are not only planning and holding the Olympic games, but the Paralympics as well. This adds a significant amount of workload, costs and time to this project.

#### 2.3.4 Requirements

**Functional:**

1. The committee will provide fair priced and located housing for all attendants. (cost)
2. The committee shall ensure that all presented elements are owned. (legal)
3. "The Opening/Closing Ceremony shall officially begin/end the
Olympic Games and it shall take place on the first/last day of the Games." (time)
4. The games schedule should be integrated into the general Host City's activities.
5. The committee will communicate with all stakeholders with "one voice".
6. An official website will be developed and operated covering the
Olympic and Paralympic Games from shortly after the Host City is
awarded the Games until 12 months post-Games.
7. The whole digital appearance of the games will abide all
applicable laws and regulations. e.g. GDPR (legal)
8. The committee will provide a dedicated supply of energy to the games.
9. The committee will supply all athletes in the village with free-of-charge
food and drinks with consideration for their dietary, cultural and religious needs.
10. The committee will provide free-of-charge medical services in the Village.

**Non-Functional:**

1. Graphic design and user experience should be consistent across all
digital platforms.
2. "The long-term development of the Olympic brand and fan engagement"
should be improved.
3. The torch for the relay should be engaging.
4. The committee shal not allow advertising or
commercial identification outside the Key Olympic Venues.
5. The progress of the (sport-)events should stick to the pre-defined schedule.
6. "The website [...] [should] be compatible with all main browsers
and devices [...]"
7. The committee will post-Games "transfer [all] of intellectual
property, including the full scope of software, applications, content
and user databases to [...] the IOC."
8. All core services should have redundancy.
9. Free drinking water shall be available to all individuals on the venues.
10. The medical services should be integrated with national und city
public health services.