曾敬凱
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    ###### tags: `普通心理學報告` # 普通心理學 期中報告: podcast 大綱 ## 談論主題: 阿德勒學派在電影內的展現 ## 談論的視角: 1. 重要理論 1. 優越與自卑 * 人們的行為是受到優越感而驅動,相反的,如果有了自卑感又無法透過補償作用克服,就會不想繼續精進。 * 劇情中,男孩因為在學校學習狀態不佳,遭受家長和老師的責罵。最後讓自己失去學習的動力;而相反的,在後來進入學校的新老師,因為他常常稱讚男孩的作品,使他對繪法等方面產生新的動力。 2. 哈囉 3. 阿德勒心理療法 ## podcast字幕如下: 大家好,我們今天要討論的是「心中的小星星」這部電影和其相關的心理學概念, 我是生機系的曾敬凱 我是生機系林惠怡 我是日文系馬詣涵 《心中的小星星》描寫的是一位富有想像力、藝術創作力的印度小男孩伊翔.阿瓦斯,因為長期成績低下,被認為是愛玩、不用功而遭父親送至寄宿學校。 在經歷與家人的分離及老師們的責罵及不認可後,自尊不斷受挫的伊翔逐漸封閉自我,直到新來的美術老師拉姆.尼康注意到伊翔的學習狀況,在深入關心後才發現伊翔有「學習障礙」的問題。透過引導伊翔父母理解他的情況及因材施教的教學,讓伊翔不僅在學習進步,也重回那個外向活潑的孩子。 【惠:這部電影可以從阿德勒學派的心理學討論。這個學派提及自卑感是指人在感到自卑的狀態下努力克服,但每個人的能力和環境不同。當一個人面對自身缺陷時,如果心理強度不足或態度錯誤,可能被自卑感壓垮】這個學派也主張了人們會很重視社會觀感,每個人都很需要歸屬感和自我重要性的感受。伊翔在他還不被了解,處處受人唾棄時產生了強大的自卑感,過多的自卑感無法透過補償的方式消除時,就使他天天非常抑鬱;但當他遇到尼康之後,老師的認同便彌補了他的自卑感,在同學也開始讚賞他,並與他交朋友時,他更是找回自信及快樂,放膽做自己想做的事情。 在這之中也能看到環境與個人發展的關聯及被認可的重要性。在被送去寄宿學校之前,有著家人的陪伴及照顧,伊翔依然是個活在自己彩色小世界的開朗男孩。學習帶給他的打擊擊垮不了樂觀的他,但父親對他學習態度不佳的認定卻成了壓垮他心靈的最後一根稻草。 【馬:到了寄宿學校,來自各個老師更高壓的責罵,甚至連他最有興趣的藝術課也因「無法照著老師的需求完成作業」而被處罰。在環境的框架下,他的創作力被限制住,連同他的情緒也全部鎖起來了。】 一個八、九歲的孩子,需要的是他人的引導及認可。即使是一開始天性樂觀的孩子,在遭受責備的環境中價值觀也會漸漸被影響,逐漸出現「我是不是真的很沒用?」的想法。 【Kai: 其實從台灣社會就能看到這樣的現象,在成績至上的亞洲社會,身邊許多人每天的時間都只能拿來跟課業奮鬥】,【馬:老師、家長的價值觀也是「讀書讀不好就沒有未來」】。我自己就有很會畫圖但成績差的同學,被大人認定成浪費時間塗鴉不好好學習的壞學生。漸漸,他的想法也轉變成「會畫圖有什麼用,成績不好以後我也沒有工作」,即使之後被人稱讚很會畫畫,他也因已經深根的價值觀而不再以自己的能力為傲。 ![IMG_0112](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1PvveKgR.jpg) 教育不僅僅是傳授知識和技能,更重要的是培養孩子的自信心和心理健康,師長其實應該更加關注孩子的心理健康,鼓勵開放的溝通和理解,就如同電影中的尼康一樣,願意理解伊翔的學習模式、找出問題,並利用他最有興趣的藝術去結合學術來教導他。 那我們就報告就到這邊結束啦 大家: 大家掰掰

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