How Swarm provides Data Availability

Topics to cover

  • Why is DA required for blockchain scaling
  • Spectrum of DA depends on off-chain and on-chain leverage.
  • Tradeoff dilemma: cost (gas/byte) vs security (threat model)
  • DA Spectrum
    • Pure Validiums (cheapest, lowest security)
    • DACs: on-chain attestation posting signatures on-chain. 10 members. Permissioned committee.
    • Celestium: permisionless DAC with extra economic guarantees (slashing). Settlement and dispute is in L1 ETH.
  • Swarm improving DACs guarantees
    • Integrity guarantees: content tampering is excluded through Swarm's native consistency guarantees.
    • Data availability sampling: through incentives + erasure coding. Data can be reconstructed by anyone. Should the network fail as CDN, insurers must chip in.
    • Insurance contract: protecting against coordinated attacks, attaching direct accusability for storing nodes (insurers).
    • Dataset verifiability for sequencers: through consensus over the swarm hash of the merkle root of the batch + inclusion proof (assertion/witness).
  • Benefits
    • The needed high-availability DAC Server is covered by Swarm
    • Attack vectors related to the server are therefore not present
    • Provides direct privacy guarantees for the user
    • Cost-effective

Regarding costs, how many gas/byte would that cost?


Source: Celestia blog

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