2022q1 Homework1 (quiz1) ======================== ### 測驗1 : Two sum - map_add() 用來在 head 頭部插入一個新的node,因此在 AAA 處 n->next 應該要指向 first,也就是 head 之後的第一個 node,接著將 pprev 指向前一個 node 的 next 指標。 - 但是 head 只包含一個 first 指標,因此新加入的 node 要在 BBB 處將 pprev 指向 &head->first。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Lkg7fv1.png) ```cpp void map_add(map_t *map, int key, void *data) { struct hash_key *kn = find_key(map, key); if (kn) return; kn = malloc(sizeof(struct hash_key)); kn->key = key, kn->data = data; struct hlist_head *h = &map->ht[hash(key, map->bits)]; struct hlist_node *n = &kn->node, *first = h->first; AAA; if (first) first->pprev = &n->next; h->first = n; BBB; } ``` - Two Sum 的主要架構 將 target - num[i] 的值當成 key 經過 hash functions 後在 map 之中尋找,若成功找到就回傳,否則就將 num[i] 作為 hash key , i 作為 data 加到 map 之中。 ```cpp int *twoSum(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) { map_t *map = map_init(10); *returnSize = 0; int *ret = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2); if (!ret) goto bail; for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) { int *p = map_get(map, target - nums[i]); if (p) { /* found */ ret[0] = i, ret[1] = *p; *returnSize = 2; break; } p = malloc(sizeof(int)); *p = i; map_add(map, nums[i], p); } bail: map_deinit(map); return ret; } ``` - map_init 用來建立 hash table ```cpp map_t *map_init(int bits) { map_t *map = malloc(sizeof(map_t)); if (!map) return NULL; map->bits = bits; map->ht = malloc(sizeof(struct hlist_head) * MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits)); if (map->ht) { for (int i = 0; i < MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits); i++) (map->ht)[i].first = NULL; } else { free(map); map = NULL; } return map; } ``` - 根據 key 的值從 hash table 中找到對應的 node ```cpp static struct hash_key *find_key(map_t *map, int key) { struct hlist_head *head = &(map->ht)[hash(key, map->bits)]; for (struct hlist_node *p = head->first; p; p = p->next) { struct hash_key *kn = container_of(p, struct hash_key, node); if (kn->key == key) return kn; } return NULL; } ``` - 找到 node 之後回傳 data ```cpp void *map_get(map_t *map, int key) { struct hash_key *kn = find_key(map, key); return kn ? kn->data : NULL; } ``` - free 掉 hash map 所使用的記憶體空間 ```cpp void map_deinit(map_t *map) { if (!map) return; for (int i = 0; i < MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits); i++) { struct hlist_head *head = &map->ht[i]; for (struct hlist_node *p = head->first; p;) { struct hash_key *kn = container_of(p, struct hash_key, node); struct hlist_node *n = p; p = p->next; if (!n->pprev) /* unhashed */ goto bail; struct hlist_node *next = n->next, **pprev = n->pprev; *pprev = next; if (next) next->pprev = pprev; n->next = NULL, n->pprev = NULL; bail: free(kn->data); free(kn); } } free(map); } ```