Terry Wang
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    # 11/6 讀書會:Identity and Web ## 文章主旨 > 講述身份跟網路之間的關係、身份標準的現狀、還有身份標準的理想型態 ## 為什麼身份這很重要 - 人權 - 不是所有人都有身份 - 可持續發展目標 - 為所有人提供身份是聯合國的 SDGs 目標之一 - 發展中的身份識別(ID4D) - 為了實現以上目標,世界銀行開啟了 ID for Development 計畫 ## 為什麼我們要關注這件事情? - 因為身份制度或科技本身提供了大量的使用場景,本身會對社會帶來重大影響 - 除了帶來大量機會,也帶來了大量潛在的威脅 - 機會 - 更多的應用場景,更多的市場,更多的交換需求 - 賦予人們更多的自主權(例如無國界居民的身份資料) - 威脅 - 機會損失 - 經濟損失 - 尊嚴損失 - 隱私損失 - 為了在這波創新的洪流之下確保大家的基本權利,我們有必要儘早關注這個主題 ## 現在的網路世界是如何管理身份的 ### 集中式身份模型 ![Screenshot 2024-11-05 at 1.24.11 AM](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryPrQFLbyx.png) | 角色視角 | 好處 | 壞處 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 對使用者而言 | 最容易理解的身份模型<br>不需要仰賴任何第三方帳號(自主性較高) |重複使用密碼會有風險,因此用戶應該為不同的提供者使用不同的密碼(需要記多組密碼)<br>單點故障危機 | | 對開發者而言 | 獨立性與自主性最高的身份模型(資料在自己手上)| 他們需要付出額外的成本,保護資料安全| --- ### 聯邦式身份模型 ![Screenshot 2024-11-05 at 1.24.38 AM](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1Bw7F8ZJe.png) | 角色視角 | 好處 | 壞處 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 對使用者而言 | 解決使用者重複使用密碼的問題<br>一鍵登入,絲滑的使用者體驗 |需要第三方帳號<br>IDP知道用戶訪問哪些服務(被追蹤)<br>規模更大單點故障危機(例:小兒泌尿科醫生 google 帳號被封) | | 對開發者而言 | 資安成本降低 | 需仰賴 IDP 的服務(資料不在自己手上)<br>自主性較低| ## 現有的方式有什麼問題 - 集中式身份模型 - 中心化系統可以完全的追蹤使用者,且中心化系統容易被攻擊 - 聯邦身份模型 - 隱私,IDP知道用戶訪問哪些第三方服務,並使用跨站點(第三方)cookie ## 解決方案:分散式身份模型 ### 理論框架 ![Screenshot 2024-11-05 at 1.44.39 AM](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyVGdYLb1l.png) 去中心化身份模型標誌著架構上的重大轉變。取代聯邦身份提供者(IdPs)和服務提供者(SPs)或依賴方(RPs),現在的重點集中在用戶身上。 在此模型中,使用者,也稱為持有者,控制其憑證,從發行者那裡獲取憑證,將其存儲在錢包中,並將其展示給驗證者。驗證活動由可驗證數據註冊表進行調解,其中包含必要的信息。 ### 具體實踐架構 ![Screenshot 2024-11-05 at 1.46.29 AM](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1fFuKUW1g.png) #### 五層架構 - L5:信任框架與生態系(與政府、企業、人民之間的模糊共識) - L4:應用程式、錢包、產品(大家所使用的 App、使用者介面、人機交互層) - L3:憑證層(憑證被發放、驗證、展示、交易的地方、資訊交互層) - L2:代理框架與基礎設施(可能是 API 或幫忙使用者在現實基礎記錄資料的 AI Agent,可以理解為幫忙記錄資料的小精靈) - L1:識別符和命名空間(存放現實基礎的資料庫(文件即現實)、如鏈或政府各部門的資料庫) 使用者獨立管理自己身份,以使用者為中心 ## 分散式身份模型的應用 - 組織 - 組織身份認同 - 身分與存取管理 - 全球勞動力 - 事務 - 供應鏈 - 能源設備 (物聯網) - 汽車 (物聯網) - 人類身份與政府 - 實體身份認證 - 文本憑證 - 攝影憑證 - 機器可讀憑證 - 實體憑證作為數位憑證 - 純數位憑證 ## 補充資料(如名詞定義、為什麼身份很重要) 參見卡片套組:https://app.heptabase.com/w/bf3fb22e91ba8bf1416f4482a6eba81123ef14ca841134e12c36c50fd9628c1c ## 筆記區 豆腐好朋朋的證件發行工具 https://heirloom.io/heirloom-id

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