財務管理
六大類財務報表分析
- 資本結構:
(1) 負債占資產比率≦50%:資產>負債,風險小。
(2) 長期資金占固定資產比率≥1:能夠以長買長,越穩定。相反以短支長,風險高。
- 償債能力:
(1) 流動比≥1:資產≥負債,以短資短的能力好。
(2) 速動比≥1:常用在零售(存貨不容易變現),公司能立即拿出來的≥負債,變現能力好。
(3) TIE 利息保障倍數:賺錢>利息支出,越大越好,長期償債能力好。
- 經營能力:
(1) 應收帳款週轉率:越高越好,兌現快,賺得順。
(2) 平均收現日數:越短越好,表示貨款收回快速。
(3) 存貨週轉率:越高越好,售貨快,賺得快。一段時間內,存貨可以週轉幾次。
(4) 平均售貨日數:愈短愈好,表示資金積壓在存貨上的時間愈短。
(5) 固定資產週轉率:固定資產利用率高,管理水平高。
(6) 總資產週轉率:越高,銷售能力好。
- 獲利能力:
(1)資產報酬率ROA:利潤/平均總資產,資產運用效率。
(2)股東權益報酬率:用股東的錢所賺的收益。
(3)純益率:每一元有多少淨利,獲利能力。
(4)基本每股盈餘EPS:每一股能賺進多少錢。
- 現金流量比率
(1)現金流量比率≥1:越高,短期償債能力就越強。用以評估營運狀況,是否足以因應短期資金缺口。
(2)允當比率≥1:多的錢可以再去投資。是否足以應付公司的業務成長以及支付現金股利之所需。
(3)現金再投資比率:扣除現金股利後,尚可動用的資金。
8~10%是不錯的。
- 市場價值比率:
(1)本益比P/E:股價/EPS。
要付更多的錢,才能買到EPS。
付多少股價,可以賺幾塊盈餘。
P/E ≤ 10~20是不錯的。
(2)股利率:持股的年利率。
現金流量表
活動 |
理想情況 |
理想意義 |
不理想 |
自由現金流 |
+ |
有多的盈餘 |
可能提升債務 |
營業活動 |
+ |
有收益 |
收益不好 |
投資活動 |
- |
花錢投資 |
變賣資產 |
融資活動 |
- |
花錢還債 |
借錢 |
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
應用問題
- 除權 / 除息:將所賺的盈餘回饋給股東。
配股,投資人拿到股票股利 / 配息,投資人拿到現金股利。
- K 線:
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
- The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
- The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
- 均線MA:移動平均線,x日平均線。
週線:5 MA
月線:20 MA
季線:60 MA
年線:240 MA
- 內線交易:透過未公開資料,產生獲利的證券交易行為。
- 承允持有華新股票 20 張,如果今年配發股利3.5 元(現金股利3.0 元,股票股利0.5 元),請問承允可以配得華新現金股利多少錢?與股票股利多少股?
20張 x 1000 = 20000 股
現金股利:3.0元 x 20000股 = 60000元
股票股利:0.5元 x 20000股 x 0.1 = 1000股