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    # 563 眾生心善 有緣化度 ###### tags: `讀書會`,`火宅喻`,`20210705`,`國祥`,`鳳雅`,`香如` {%hackmd CP6sL97_Sl-UdLCWINbwOw %} #### 書籍:`靜思法髓妙蓮華‧法華七喻 ─ 火宅喻【貳】` #### 頁數:`155-169` {%youtube FwFtw8PHXBI %} ## 感想 ### 鳳雅 `10:30-12:50` 眾生心善,有緣化度 佛法>李欣頻>阿乙莎 ### 香如 `22:00-24:35` 何謂三乘(小乘-聲聞乘、中乘-緣覺乘、大乘-菩薩乘)?乘為「交通工具」之意,三乘即三種交通工具,比喻運載眾生渡越生死到涅槃彼岸之三種法門。其實在佛陀時代並無小乘、中乘、大乘之別,其源由是佛陀入滅後,僧團因為對於戒律的看法不一造成分裂。佛陀入滅數百年後,出現以眾生之根機而說小乘-聲聞乘、中乘-緣覺乘、大乘-菩薩乘的三種教法。法華經這段譬喻:羊車(小-乘、根機、發心)、鹿車(中-...)、牛車(大-...),也是同樣的隱喻教法。分述如下: (一)聲聞乘又稱小乘,是指聽聞到佛陀的聲音說法而證道者。聲聞乘的修行者,知苦斷集、證滅修道,即以苦、集、滅、道四聖諦為乘。 (二)緣覺乘,又稱為中乘、辟支佛乘、獨覺乘。緣覺乘乃是在沒有佛法的時期,深觀十二因緣而證佛果者,也就是先觀無明生,乃至行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生及老死生,次觀無明滅乃至行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生及老死滅,即以十二因緣為乘。 (三)菩薩乘,又稱為大乘、佛乘、如來乘。是以求無上菩提,願度一切眾生,修六度萬行,以此六度為乘。 六波羅蜜分別是:『布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定、般若。』也就是佛法所說的「六度」。修行這六度,正好對治人性的慳貪、毁犯、瞋恚、懈怠、散亂及愚痴。 六度波羅蜜以「布施」為首,布施有三種:財施、法施、無畏施。 「持戒」是守戒律,防非止惡,佛教在家居士有五戒-是:不殺生,不偷盜,不邪淫,不妄語,不飲酒。慈濟人多五戒,共有十戒。「戒是無上菩提本!」因為戒能生定,定能發慧,有了慧證悟無上菩提。『佛在世時,以佛為師;佛涅槃後,以戒為師。』 聲聞、緣覺乘雖然可以了脫生死,超出三界,但是只為自度,只能「拔一己之苦,得一己之樂」,未能度眾利他,佛陀斥為「焦芽敗種」,可見仍非究竟。唯有自利利他,自度度人,發四弘誓願,修六度四攝法門,圓滿佛果的菩薩乘,才是佛法的究竟法門。 發心趣求大乘的菩薩,以六度為主要修行方法,《增一阿含經》序說:「菩薩發意趣大乘,如來說此種種別,人尊說六度無極,布施持戒忍精進,禪智慧力如月初,逮度無極觀諸法。」 菩薩如果修行六波羅蜜,具足福慧資糧,圓滿所修,便得證悟無上正等菩提。如《發菩提心經論》卷上說:「布施是菩提因,攝取一切諸眾生故;持戒是菩提因,具足眾善,滿本願故;忍辱是菩提因,成就三十二相八十隨形好故;精進是菩提因,增長善行,於諸眾生勤教化故;禪定是菩提因,菩薩善自調伏,能知眾生諸心行故;智慧是菩提因,具足能知諸法性相故。取要言之,六波羅蜜是菩提正因,四無量心三十七品諸萬行共相助成。若菩薩修集六波羅蜜,隨其所行,漸漸得進阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。」可見六度四攝是成就菩提道果的必備條件。 四攝法是佛門的交際方便法門,佛教度化眾生的方法很多,其中有所謂的「四攝法」,就是以布施、愛語、利行、同事等四種方法來攝受眾生。《華嚴經》說:「若能成就四攝法,則與眾生無限利。」四攝法門是菩薩度眾時的權巧方便,視眾生根器、喜好的不同,而能夠轉迷成悟。這裡有 上人開示的四攝法可參考 {%youtube 5nDA5YMvyjI %} 總持一切法,總持一切善,守志奉道,以戒為師,眾善奉行,諸惡莫作,自度利他,行入菩提。菩薩所緣,緣苦眾生,佛度有緣人,將種子深植,即使今生無緣,總會有發芽因緣生之時。佛陀慈心憐憫,殷殷敎誨,亦需眾生自度自救,及時醒悟。 善因自種,苦果自受; 福慧淨因,操之在己, 光明前程亦需自己勇猛精進去開創。風聲、樹影都是如來說法處,多用心去體會、領悟。 ### 國祥 `24:35-26:10` - 「台灣無以為寶,以善以愛為寶。」 - 只想要自救,不想救他人;聽佛法的人很多,身體力行的人很少。 - 眾生心善 有緣化度 - 「只要你經過,這樣的道路走過來,自然你也會發現,你的真如本性,不過,非行菩薩道不可。我們必定要走入人群,才能在人群中體會苦、集、滅、道的道理,這種我們才懂得,要如何滅除我們的煩惱,才是有辦法在菩薩道中,這樣穩穩當當向前進。」

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