4/4 WSL、Vim 今日要來學習 WSL 和一些基本 Bash 指令以及 Vim 文字編輯器。
一、WSL 簡介: Windows Subsystem for Linux(WSL)是由 Microsoft 開發的功能,旨在讓開發人員能夠在 Windows 系統上運行 Linux 環境,而無需安裝虛擬機或者將電腦灌成雙系統。
WSL 的出現為同時使用 Windows 和 Linux 的開發人員提供順暢且具生產力的體驗,同時也為 Linux 初學者提供了一個輕鬆入門的機會。
更多 WSL 資訊可以參考 Microsoft Learn 。
二、WSL 安裝:
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The image file may be corrupted The server hosting the image is unavailable The image path is incorrect The image format is not supported
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快速安裝
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image file may be corrupted The server hosting the image is unavailable The image path is incorrect The image format is not supported
Learn More →
注意事項
必須擁有 Windows 10 版本 2004 和更新版本或 Windows 11,才能使用此安裝方式。
搜尋「PowerShell」然後選取「以系統管理員身份執行」開啟。
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Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
輸入下方指令安裝 WSL,預設安裝 Ubuntu。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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將電腦重新啟動。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
開啟 Ubuntu 後需要等待一段時間設定,設定完畢後,輸入使用者名稱和密碼,使用者名稱只能小寫。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image file may be corrupted The server hosting the image is unavailable The image path is incorrect The image format is not supported
Learn More →
普通安裝
搜尋並開啟「開啟或關閉 Windows 功能」。
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Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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勾選「Windows 子系統 Linux 版」和「虛擬機器平台」選項然後按下確定。
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Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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按下「立即重新啟動」。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
開啟 Microsoft Store 搜尋 Linux,這裡選擇 Ubuntu。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
開啟 Ubuntu 後需要等待一段時間設定,設定完畢後,輸入使用者名稱和密碼,使用者名稱只能小寫。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
三、Bash 操作: 特殊字符
/
根目錄,Linux 所有文件和目錄的起始點。
~
家目錄,Linux 中的每個用戶都有一個家目錄,路徑 /home/username
。
.
當前目錄,比如在 /home/user
路徑中代表 /home/user
。
..
父目錄,比如在 /home/user
路徑中代表 /home
。
sudo
臨時獲取 root 權限執行指令,需要使用者輸入密碼,比如 sudo apt-get update
。
常用指令
cd
切換目錄
cd /
cd ..
cd /home/user
ls
顯示目錄中的檔案
ls
ls -a
ls /home/user
touch
創建檔案
mkdir
創建目錄
rm
刪除檔案/目錄
rm main.txt
rm -r code
rm -rf code
mv
移動檔案/目錄
mv main.txt run.txt
mv main.txt code/
mv code/ app/
cp
複製檔案/目錄
cp main.txt run.txt
cp main.txt code/run.txt
cp -r code/ app/
cat
顯示檔案內容
pwd
顯示當前路徑
四、Vim 教學: Vim 是一個強大的文字編輯器,廣泛用於 Unix 和類 Unix 系統中。Vim 是 Vi 編輯器的改進版本,全名「Vi IMproved」。
Vim 具有學習曲線,初學者需要花費一段時間來熟悉操作方式和鍵盤快捷鍵。然而,一旦熟悉 Vim,它會成為一個非常強大和高效的文字編輯器,能夠極大地提高工作效率。
安裝指令
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Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
基本概念 Vim 總共有三種模式,分別是命令模式(Command mode)、插入模式(Insert mode)、底線命令模式(Last line mode),剛啟動 Vim 會是命令模式。
命令模式
此模式下的鍵盤操作為輸入命令,任何模式按 Esc 都會回到此模式,不知道自己目前身處哪個模式的話,一直按 Esc 就對了。
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Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
插入模式
此模式下的鍵盤操作為輸入字符,命令模式按下 i 進入此模式。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
底線命令模式
此模式下的鍵盤操作為輸入命令,命令模式下按 : 進入此模式,指令顯示在左下方最後一行。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →
基本操作 想知道更多 Vim 操作指令可以 點此 或者上網查詢。
開啟/創建檔案
如果檔名沒有找到可以開啟則會創建新的。
儲存檔案
底線命令模式輸入下方指令,即可儲存檔案。
離開 Vim
底線命令模式輸入下方指令,即可離開 Vim。
補充、Windows Terminal 安裝: 推薦安裝 Windows Terminal,不僅文字有顏色更好看,而且能夠同時開啟多個視窗以及各種 Shell,只要到 Microsoft Store 搜尋就能安裝。
Image Not Showing
Possible Reasons
The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
Learn More →