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    # 為什麼出國沒有純電飛機可以搭呢? > [name=中山賣油翁] ![](https://i.imgur.com/8lPPbV2.jpg) (置中)圖片來源:[Airbus](https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-09-airbus-reveals-new-zero-emission-concept-aircraft) 從2019至今的Covid-19疫情至今終於緩和許多,國際旅行也終於漸漸恢復熱絡的榮景。電動車以及電動船現在已經廣泛地在各地使用,每天天上的飛機這麼多,飛機有沒有電動飛機呢? 在台灣街道上,越來越常看見特斯拉奔馳而過,柴油公車已經開始漸漸被電動公車取代。根據日本朝日電視台報導(4/14報導)「香川縣造船公司「興亞產業」製造的全球首艘純電動郵輪即將於4月下旬正式航行」。在交通上,世界各國不遺餘力地發展零碳交通,講完了陸與海後,那大家出國旅遊最喜歡搭的飛機呢?今天就讓我們來討論一下這個話題吧! 現在許多航空公司的官網中都設有碳排放計算器*1,可以計算每個人搭乘飛機時的碳排放量。舉例來說,國人最喜歡的去旅遊的東京,每一趟航程(桃園-成田)碳排放為0.17噸/每人;若是飛一趟到美國西岸(桃園-洛杉磯)的碳排放為0.65噸/每人。光是過去五年,國際旅遊與貨運增加了20%,航空界一直在尋求如何減少碳排放或是使用碳補償的方式,例如世界民航組織ICAO通過飛航減碳協議要求航空公司必須購買碳信用額度;或是兩大飛機製造商空中巴士與波音,不斷地在飛機上推陳出新,近十年主要的改變就是於推進器上大大地增進了燃油效率,雖然說航空公司真正的考量是經濟因素,但也因此減少了國際旅遊與貨運的碳排放量。 事實上,在電池變得更強大、安全以及更輕便之前,商用電動飛機是比起電動車、船是最難成真的。 近年來,英國、德國等歐洲國家積極地發展氫能飛機(Hydrogen Plane),並期待可以為世界帶來革命性的變化。 那氫能技術在發展上到底遇上了怎麼樣的困難呢?雖然,氫能燃料可以比傳統燃料產生更高的能量,但是依容量計算的話,約莫為傳統燃料的4分之1,意味著需要比傳統燃料大4倍的容器來裝載。並且,氫氣必須以及低溫(約攝氏零下253度)壓縮或是轉化成液態氫,才可以供飛機作為燃料使用,意味著這種特殊容器設計上更為複雜、笨重,飛機被迫接載更少旅客。在機場內也要預留專門氫氣設備與零件,種種因素在技術上也造成氫能價格比傳統燃料高上許多。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/4wl3dcU.jpg) (置中)圖片來源:[Greenbiz](https://www.greenbiz.com/article/aircraft-company-zeroavia-secures-214-million-hydrogen-electric-planes) 2020年的10月,ZeroAvia公司獲得英國政府的大力支持,推出“Hyflyer“氫動力飛機,此款飛機使用6座氫燃料電池,飛行里程可以達到400公里。該公司期許能在2023年將此款飛機投入商業運行,並在2040年能研發出擁有200座位,可飛行超過5000公里的氫動力飛機。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZObkiMH.jpg) (置中)圖片來源:[Aerospace Manufacturing](https://www.aero-mag.com/hydrogen-aircraft-propulsion-10082021) Airbus更是野心勃勃的宣布要在2035年推出可載上120-200名乘客並且飛行3700公里的中程運輸客機,除了氫動力電池之外,也會輔以由傳統燃料為輔的混合動力電池,並且此款客機會搭載氫動力混合機身,據Airbus自身做的預測,此款客機是最有可能在15年內達成技術的氫動力客機。另一間世界前二大的客機製造公司波音,早宣布2030要將旗下飛機轉為使用100%的可持續燃料*2,但受限於法規,航空業最高只能使用一半石化、一半永續的混合燃料。波音必須要設法說服有關單位永續燃料的使用是安全的才能達成目標了。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ODgArmh.jpg) (置中)圖片來源:[Airbus / Gulf News / Seyyed dela Llata](https://gulfnews.com/special-reports/hydrogen-powered-aircraft-what-we-know-so-far-1.1648657016354) 在氫動力飛機和可持續燃料能正式投入市場運行之前,還有許多技術、工作必須進行,但在不久的未來,我們或許可以期待天上佈滿著零碳排飛機,載著乘客遨遊四海。 > *1. 根據國際民航組織(ICAO)公布的碳排放計算指引,依長榮航空的過往燃油使用量及載客量數據作為統計基礎來計算每位乘客每公里的碳排放係數,並依您乘坐艙等、航程及旅客人數來計算您的碳排放量。在航程數據上,以各航段之最短距離(大圓距離)進行計算。 > > *2. 可持續性燃料以植物油、動物油、多種農林業廢棄物和不可回收居家垃圾所製成的燃料,但基本上是將空氣中的二氧化碳轉換後製成再排放回空氣中,因此並不會增加大氣中二氧化碳的總量。

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