---
title: AdN Glossary
description: WS2020/21
lang: en
tags: AdN, Advanced Networking, Lecture
...

# AdN Glossary

**bold**: Key subjects of AdN lecture that you should definitively have learned during the lecture.
*italic*: Not that important for this lecture.

# A

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *AAA* | Authentication Authorization Accounting | A network function |
| ABP | Activation By Personalization | Device activation mechanism in LoRaWAN using data that is built in into the device software. |
| ACK | Acknowledgement | Packet type to acknowledge the reception of another packet |
| ACT | Availability for Concurrent Transactions | something in XMPP |
| **ADR** | Adaptive Data Rate | Mechanism in LoRaWAN to adapt the data rate |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard | The encryption algorithm |
| ALOHA | - | Simple protocol to regulate network access of multiple participants (retransmission after backoff time on collision) |
| *ALPN* | Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation | TLS extension to negotiate protocol of inner application layer to avoid additional roundtrips. Used for HTTP/2. |
| AMP | | Alternate MAC and PHY layer extension in Bluetooth |
| **AMQP** | Advanced Message Queuing Protocol | |
| *AMS* | Attack Mittigation System | Hardware system to mitigate DDoS attacks |
| API | Application Programming Interface | Interface between systems over which programs can communicate and exchange information |
| AS | Autonomous System | |
| *ATIS* | Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solution | Standardization organization |
| *ATM* | Asynchronous Transfer Mode | Legacy communication protocol for data, speech and video |
| *ATT* | ATTribute protocol | Bluetooth protocol above L2CAP |

# B

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **BGP** | Border Gateway Protocol | |
| **BLE** | Bluetooth Low Energy | |
| BOSH | Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP | XMPP over long polling HTTP |
| *BPSK* | Binary Phase Shift Keying | |
| BR | Basic Rate | Basic Bluetooth radio rate: 721,2 kbit/s |
| BT | Bluetooth | |

# C

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *CAN-Bus* | Controller Area Network | Common network technique in automotive area |
| **CCN** | Content Centric Network | |
| **CloudNaaS**| Cloud Network as a Service | |
| **CoAP** | Constrained Application Protocol | "REST" for constrained devices like IoT |
| CRC | Cyclic Redundancy Check | |
| *CSMA* | Carrier Sense Multiple Access | |
| *CSMA/CA* | CSMA/Collision Avoidance | |

# D

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *DBPSK* | Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying | |
| DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service | |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | |
| DNS | Domain Name System | |
| DPDK | Data Plane Dev Kit | libs & driver for fast packet processing (improve performance) |

# E

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| EDGE | Enhanced Data rates for Gsm Evolution | Technique to increase data rate in GSM networks by introducing an additional modulation mechanism |
| EDR | Enhanced Data Rate | Enhanced Bluetooth radio rate: 2,1 Mbit/s |
| EM | Element Management | Management of VNFs |
| EMS | Element Management System | Management system to manage VNFs |
| ERP | Exterior Routing Protocol | Routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems |
| *ETSI* | European Telecommunication Standards Institute | |

# F

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *FDMA* | Frequency Division Multiple Access | |
| **FIB** | Forwarding Information Base | Forward interest packets toward potential data source in ICN |
| **ForCES** | Forwarding and Control Element Separation | Standardized interface between control and the data plane for IP routers (southbound SDN API) |

# G

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *GFSK* | Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying | Modulation scheme (FSK using less bandwidth by using smooth transitions) |
| GSM | Global System for Mobile communication | 2nd cellular communication standard |
| GUI | Graphical User Interface | |
| GUID | Globally Unique IDentifier | UUID implementation using 128 Bit numbers |

# H

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **H2oT** | - | HTTP/2 for IoT Devices |
| HATEOAS | Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application Sate | Something irrelevant in context of REST |
| **HCI** | Host Controller Interface | Interface between Bluetooth chip and host system (driver) |
| HMAC | Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code | Cryptographic message authentication code based on pre share key |
| **HPACK** | - | Header compression algorithm for HTTP/2 |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | Websites are made of this |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | THE web transfer protocol |

# I

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **IaaS** | Infrastructure as a Service | An offered service where customer can rent hosted infrastructure |
| **ICN** | Information Centric Network | Network approach using information instead of host-centric paradigm |
| *IDE* | Integrated Development Environment | |
| *IEEE* | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | A standardization organization |
| *IETF* | Internet Electronic Task Force | A standardization organization |
| IM | Instant Messaging | Near to real-time end user messaging service |
| IND | Infrastructure Network Domain | Network domain in NFV concept |
| **IoT** | Internet of Things | |
| IP | Internet Protocol | THE internet network (layer 3) protocol |
| *IRTF* | Internet Research Task Force | Standardization organization |
|ISM radio band| Industrial, Scientific and Medical radio band | Frequency band for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. No registration or payment required to use it under limited conditions. e.g. in Europe: 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz |
| *ISOC* | Internet SOCiety | A standardization organization |
| *ITU-T* | International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization | An UN standardization organization |

# J

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| JS | JavaScript | Web programming language |
| JSON | JavaScript Object Notation | |

# L

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| L2CAP | Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protokoll | A Bluetooth layer to transfer data |
| LAN | Local Area Network | |
| **LE** | Low Energy | *See Bluetooth low energy* |
| LMP | Link Manager Protocol / Link Management Protocol | A Bluetooth Protocol to manage links |
| **LoRaWAN** | Long Range Wide Area Network | |
| **LPWAN** | Low Power Wide Area Network | |
| LTE | Long Term Evolution | 4th cellular communication standard |

# M

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **M2M** | Machine to Machine | Communication scheme between machines (Industry 4.0) |
| MAC | Message Authentication Code | |
| MAC | Medium Access Protocol | |
| MANO | Management and Orgnaization | Component of NFV |
| MIC | Message Integrity Code | |
| MQ | Messaging Queue | |
| **MQTT** | Message Queue Telemetry Transport | |
| MTU | Maximum Transmission Unit | |

# N

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| NAS | Network Attached Storage | Storage hardware that is accessible through the network |
| NAT | Network Address Translation | Gateway protocol to let multiple IP devices communicate with outside world using a single IP address which is assigned to the gateway. Mostly used in IPv4 networks because of limited address space. |
| **NB-IoT** | Narrow Band IoT | LPWAN using cellular telecommunication bands |
| NDP | Neighbor Discovery Protocol | Protocol in IPv6 to discover other devices in same network. Not to be confused with the dangerous, far right German political party. |
| *NFS* | Network File System | UNIX filesystem that is accessible via the network |
| **NFV** | Network Function Virtualization | Virtualization of network functions implemented as software rather than hardware appliances |
| **NFVI** | NFV Infrastructure | The infrastructure required to run NFVs |
| **NFVIaaS** | NFVI as a Service | |
| NFVO | NFV Orchestrator | |
| NIC | Network Interface Controller / Network Interface Card | Network hardware of computers |
| **NOS** | Network Operating System | |

# O

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| OCS | Optical Circuit Switch | |
| *ODCA* | Open Data Center Alliance | |
| **OF** | Open Flow | |
| OFDM | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing | Multiplexing scheme of radio channel using orthogonal frequencies that don't interfere with each other |
| *ONF* | Open Networking Foundation | |
| **ONOS** | Open Network Operating System | Open source distributed SDN controller |
| *OPNFV* | Open Platform for NFV | Open source reference platform |
| *OS* | Operating System | |
| OSPF | Open Shortest Path First | |
| OSS/BSS | Operational and business support systems | For NFV |
| OTA | Over The Air | Among other: Activation scheme for devices in LoRaWAN networks |
| OVS | Open VSwitch | Open source virtual switch software |
| OVSDB | OVS DataBase management protocol | Protocol to configure Open vSwitch |

# P

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *PAA* | Policy Adaption Actions | PolicyCop |
| PAL | Protocl Adaption Layer | A Bluetooth layer |
| PDU | Packet Data Unit | |
| PHY | PHYsical layer | |
| PIT | Pending Interest Table | |
| POF | Protocol Oblivious Forwarding | Alternative to OpenFlow. Supports protocol agnostic and more generic flow selection based on offsets instead of fixed protocol fields. |
| POX | - | Open Source, well documented SDN controller implemented in python with Web-GUI |

# Q

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| QoE | Quality of Experience | |
| QoS | Quality of Service | |
| *QPSK* | Quadrature Phase Shift Keying | Modulation scheme (doubled data rate compared to simple PSK) |
| QUIC | Quick Udp Ineternet Connections | Transport layer protocol draft based on UDP for better performance than HTTP/TCP. Designed by Google. May strongly influence HTTP/3. |

# R

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| RA | Router Advertisement | Response of routers in an IPv6 network to RS requests |
| **REST** | REpresentational State Transfer | |
| RPL | Routing ProtocoL | Routing Protocol used in 6LoWPAN |
| RS | Router Sollicitation | Message type to find all routers in a network during Stateless Address Autoconfiguration of IPv6 |

# S

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| *SAE J1772* | ? | Standard for electrical connectors to charge electrical vehicles |
| SAL | Service Abstraction Layer | In OpenDaylight: Services implemented in plugins |
| SASL | Simple Authentication and Security Layer | Framework of multiple authentication protocols |
| *SDH* | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy | Legacy? protocol to transfer multiple channels over a single fiber optical cable. Used by telephony providers. Related to SONET. |
| **SDN** | Software Defined Networking | |
| **SF** | Spreading Factor | Robustness factor in transmission systems like LoRa |
| SLA | Service Level Agreement | "Contract" between customer and provider about the minimum service availabilty and performance |
| SMP | Security Manager Protocol | Bluetooth protocol to provide security functions |
| SPDY | - | Deprecated open networking protocol by Google. Planned as enhancement to HTTP. Influenced HTTP/2 |
| *SQL* | Structured Query Language | Language to make queries on relational databases |
| SRV | SeRVice resource record | DNS records to point to an alternate port of a service on a host |
| SWA | ? | *TODO something with NFV* |

# T

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | Transport protocol allowing reliable transmission with more overhead compared to UDP |
| *TDD* | Time Division Duplex | Allowing bidirection communication over a radio link by splitting channel in time slots and assigning parts of the slots to each partner |
| *TDMA* | Time Division Multiple Access | Splitting radio channel in time slots and assigning slots to participants |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security | |
| ToR | Top Of Rack | Switch in rack that connects servers from that rack with each other and with the data center network (and gateway) |
| ToS | Type Of Service | |

# U

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | Transport protocol in IP stack. Unreliable compared to TCP. |
| *UPnP* | Universal Plug'n'Play | Set of network protocols for residential networks to allow devices to communicate with each other and to configure each other in a limited way (e.g. open firewall ports) |
| URI | Uniform Resource Identifier | |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator | |

# V

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **VIM** | Virtual Infrastructure Manager | Resource management for NFV infrastucture |
| **VM** | Virtual Machine | |
| VN | Virtual Netowrk | |
| **VNF** | Virtualized Network Function | |
| **VNF FG** | VNF Forwarding Graph | Network connectivity between VNFs (e.g. chain) |
| **VNFC** | Virtualized Network Function Component | |
| **VNFaaS** | VNF as a Service | |
| VNFM | Virtual Network Function Manager | Manager of one or more VNFs. Manages instantiation, termination, configuration, scaling, updates |
| VNPaaS | Virtualized Network Platform as a Service | |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network | |

# W

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| WAN | Wide Area Network | |
|*WirelessHART*| Wireless Highway Addressable Remote Transducer | |
| **WPAN** | Wireless Personal Area Network | |

# X

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| XML | eXtensible Markup Language | Text based structured markup |
| **XMPP** | eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol | Open Source IM protocol using XML Streams |

# 0 - 9

| Abbreviation | Long Version | Description |
|--------------|--------------|-------------|
| **6LoWPAN** | IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks | Adaption layer for constrained PHYs (IEEE 802.15.4 or BLE) to enable IPv6 IP packet transport and networking capabilites |