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    # PTT 討論串:IBIZA vs onekoni 長債 ETF 回報計算爭議 在 PTT 討論串中,IBIZA 和 onekoni 主要針對長債 ETF 的回報計算方式產生爭議。以下整理兩人的計算方式,並進行比較,看看誰的邏輯較為正確。 ## 📌 onekoni 的計算公式 ### 基本假設: - 買入長債 ETF(例如 20 年期美債 ETF)。 - 持有到平均到期日(假設為 23 年)。 - 透過 ETF 不斷更新持有債券,達到長期滾動殖利率的效果。 - 長期來看,ETF 也能回本並獲利,類似於持有直債到期的結果。 ### onekoni 的計算方式 #### 配息累計: ``` 累積配息 = (初始殖利率 × 持有年數) + (轉換後殖利率 × 剩餘年數) 例如: 75 = (2.5% × 12 年) + (5% × 11 年) ``` #### 淨值變化: - ETF 會週期性換債,因此 23 年後的 ETF 淨值仍保有一定價值(onekoni 認為約 20 元)。 - 他假設最終 **總報酬 = 配息 + 淨值 + 持續的殖利率**: ``` 總報酬 = 75 (累積配息) + 20 (最終 ETF 淨值) + (5% × 13 年) ``` #### onekoni 認為: ``` 100 元投資 ⇒ 160 元回報(類似直債的 157.5) ``` #### **結論**:ETF 長期回報與直債相當,但 ETF 具有 **滾動殖利率、保持利率敏感度** 的優勢。 ## 📌 IBIZA 的計算公式 ### 基本假設: - 買入長債 ETF,假設初始 **殖利率 2.5%**。 - ETF 週期性轉換債券,但持有者無法直接拿回本金。 - **不應該用「直債到期」的方式來計算 ETF 回報**,因為 ETF 沒有真正的「到期」概念,而是隨市場變動持續滾動。 - ETF 價格受利率影響,可能會長期虧損,即使配息增加,也不代表總報酬為正。 ### IBIZA 的計算方式 #### 期初投入: ``` 初始投資 = −100 ``` #### 前 12 年的配息累計: ``` 前 12 年累積配息 = 2.5% × 12 = 30 ``` #### 第 13 年轉換成新債券(殖利率 5%): - 轉換過程 ETF 會賣舊換新,可能產生價格變化。 - 根據 onekoni 提出的 Excel 圖表,ETF 轉換後的價格變為 **37 元**(淨值下降)。 - 轉換過程的價格損失: ``` 轉換損失 = −16.8 ``` #### 第 13-23 年的配息: ``` 5% × 9 = 45 ``` #### 第 23 年 ETF 最終價值: ``` 最終價值 = 37 ``` #### 總計算: ``` (−100) + 30 + (−16.8) + 45 + 37 = −4.7 ``` #### **結論**: - 投資 **100**,23 年後 **總報酬 = -4.7(虧損 4.7%)**。 - ETF 持有到「平均到期日」未必能賺錢,關鍵在於 ETF **持續滾動,並非一次性的買進持有到期**。 - 持有 23 年,最終仍可能虧損,不像直債 100% 可拿回本金。 ## 📊 兩者計算比較 | 計算方式 | onekoni(樂觀派) | IBIZA(保守派) | |----------|------------------|------------------| | **殖利率計算方式** | 滾動更新,持有到期後仍可持續領息 | 滾動更新,計算至 23 年時點 | | **是否考慮 ETF 淨值變動** | 認為 23 年後仍有 20 元價值 | 依 Excel 計算,轉換後價格下降至 37 元 | | **總報酬估算** | 75(配息)+ 20(淨值)+ 5% × 13 年(殖利率) ≈ 160 | (-100) + 30 + (-16.8) + 45 + 37 = -4.7 | | **最終結果** | 長期報酬約 60%+,與直債相當 | 23 年後 **虧損 4.7%** | | **關鍵爭議** | 認為 ETF 殖利率滾動後仍能穩定增值 | 認為 ETF 轉換過程會造成長期淨值下跌,影響總報酬 | ## 📌 誰的說法比較正確? ✅ **IBIZA 的計算方式較符合現實狀況,因為:** - **ETF 並不會「到期」還本**,而是持續滾動持有新債券,因此不能像直債一樣假設本金回收 100%。 - ETF 淨值會受市場利率影響,即使殖利率提高,價格仍可能長期下跌(例如 TLT、IEF 在升息期間的表現)。 - **TLT、IEF 等實際案例顯示,即使長期持有,當市場利率不斷上升時,ETF 總報酬仍可能是負的。** 🚨 **onekoni 的說法有幾個問題:** - 假設 23 年後 ETF 仍有 20 元價值,但 **實際市場可能低於此估值**。 - **ETF 殖利率提高 ≠ 總報酬提高**,因為淨值下降可能超過配息增長的幅度。 - 忽略 ETF 內部的 **持續換債機制**,並過於樂觀地假設未來配息能完全補償價格損失。 ## 📌 **結論** 🚨 **長期持有長債 ETF,不代表一定獲利,殖利率提高也可能伴隨價格跌幅,導致最終總報酬為負!** 🚨

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