PyCon Taiwan
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    # 利用Python預測風力發電量 - 陳律閎 {%hackmd oY5wCMoHQp2p3JLBDTxvEA %} <iframe src="https://app.sli.do/event/nlrvxle3" height=450 width=100%></iframe> > 從這開始 * Slide will be update to speaker's Github within few days. ## About speaker * [陳律閎](https://chenlu-hung.github.io/) * 中興大學 應用數學系 副教授 * 利用 Python 開統計學、巨量資料分析等 ## 為什麼需要預測風力發電 * RE100聯盟: 100%使用再生能源 * 發電供給與需求平衡調度 * 調度速度隨發電方式有異 - 調度速度: 天然氣(成本高) >> 燃煤(成本低) * 風力發電預測的好處 - 節省成本 - 歐洲國家將電力視為大宗貨物,有期貨及選擇權等金融工具 - 天然氣存量是否足夠? - 需要船運,船運需要好的氣候掌握 - 預儲存量頂多一週 - 電價預測 - etc. ## 風力發電預測原理 * Power Curve Model * Steady wind speed <-> Power * 風力需要克服摩擦力才能達到最大發電量 * 最大轉速有上限 * 目前主流預測氣候方法: FEM 有限元素法 ### 問題 1. 風速預報不易 * 氣象預報解析度 * 地形 * 風機彼此干擾 2. 有限元素法有計算量的問題,無法直接對全球計算-->採區域計算(以全球計算為基準,進行更細微的格點劃分) 3. 其他氣象變數 * 風的質量與/風速/氣溫/氣壓/濕度有關 ### 解決方法 * 高解析度氣象預報 * $$$$$$$$ * 預報後處理 * 風力發電機位置實際風速難以測量 * 量測結果會受風機本身影響 * **Machine learning** ## 資料準備 ### 德國歷史發電資料 * [Open Power SYstem Data Platform](https://open-power-system-data.org/) * 2010 - 2019 * 15分鐘 解析度 * csv檔 ### 歷史天氣預報資料 * [GEFS 再預報資料](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/global-ensemble-forecast-system-gefs) * 唯一免錢! * 2012 版本氣象預報模型 * 全球模式(低解析度) * netCDF v4 file type -> `xarray`套件可讀 ### `rpy2` * [Document](https://rpy2.readthedocs.io/en/version_2.8.x/) * 把 R 套件當 Python 套件用 * 不需要會 R ## 機器學習演算法設計 * 均值定理 * 數學推導很重要,有效推導可以用免錢套件(誤差4.2%)做出跟官方(誤差3%~5%)差不多 * 隨便塞類神經網路誤差20% * Future works * Rolling corss-validation * post-processing layers * seq-to-seq models ###### tags: `PyConTW2019`

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