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    --- title: 爬蟲與反爬蟲乾貨 - 蔡根元 tags: PyConTW2021, 2021-organize, 2021-共筆 --- # 爬蟲與反爬蟲乾貨 - 蔡根元 {%hackmd f0JLCtZCTiWo4ZBRNKd8cg %} <iframe src="https://app.sli.do/event/ohrpmaen" height=450 width=100%></iframe> <iframe src="https://wall.sli.do/event/ohrpmaen?section=9483f577-6f41-4052-a92e-0b1949ccced9" height=450 width=100%></iframe> > 從這開始共筆 [投影片連結](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DG61On5icgUbWiwVSZPl6EMnazvCdUAJnVPyMVHPInA/edit?usp=sharing) ## 爬蟲起手式 - 直接從要爬資料的網頁開始,避免前面不必要的頁面跳轉 - xpath 可以解決幾乎所有動態的問題 - requests 效率相對比較好,因為少 load 一些圖片等資料 - 如果遇到網站阻擋,最好繞開不要和網站硬碰硬 - 登入 - 如果能用 requests 直接登入,就使用同一個 session 繼續操作即可 - 如果不行,就先使用 selenuim 登入之後,再用 requests 操作 ## 進階方法破解登入、驗證碼、語音驗證碼 ## Chrome Options 奇怪的用法 ## 特殊案例分享 ## 開發以外的事情 ## 結論 - 爬蟲 - selenium 萬用、門檻低 - requests 效率 - 注意禮貌,不要把網站弄壞 - 推薦 locust 測試網站極限 - 反爬蟲 > 白話文:製造障礙 (注意製造障礙同時不要影響到使用者體驗) - 選圖片 - 驗證碼 - 不要用文字呈現,改用圖片或 PDF 顯示 - 登入才能查詢或是擋 cookie 與 header - 查詢與取得結果異步,e.g. 查詢後在隨機時間後到另一頁面取得結果 - 隨機問註冊時的問題 - 動態 html xpath / ID、name / tag name - 阻斷 - GA 或 log 觀察流量 - Ban IP - 建議 - 將常被爬的網站轉成open API (爬蟲者好爬,業者可更易觀察到網站上非機器人的流量) - xpath中新增DIV,不影響使用者體驗下還能反爬蟲 # Q & A > 放送事故QQ > 歡迎大家直接到 R2 交流區和講者交流 - 有沒有建議解 5 秒盾的方法 - [Selenium - wait until element is present, visible and interactable](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59130200/selenium-wait-until-element-is-present-visible-and-interactable) - [OCR model for reading Captchas](https://keras.io/examples/vision/captcha_ocr/) - 剛剛分享的 Keras 訓練是用什麼模型 - 請問 google 驗證碼 或 像 binance.com 要手滑過去驗證碼,有辦法破嗎? - [google recapcha](https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/google-speech-to-text-api-can-help.html?fbclid=IwAR3qUSaoMwKZlfS51bFV3ry1yfvCml74Uw9j9D2eO6BjwUokjuIdO_pAeaM) - 目前拼拼圖驗證碼還沒找到比較好的方法,請求分享XD - 想請問講者,最近想做蝦皮相關需要自動登入,Try過了Header\Delay\referrer或是使用第三方登入的方式但每次都會被擋驗證,想請問講者能提供一下破解(不被偵測到)的思路嗎? - 請將問題的相關資訊寄給講者,講者會再研究一下(信箱在投影片第一頁的 QRCode) - 建議可以直接把網址或程式,幫助講者更快找到問題XD ###### tags: `PyConTW2021`

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